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lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/__init__.py Normal file
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# postgresql/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from . import base, psycopg2, pg8000, pypostgresql, zxjdbc
base.dialect = psycopg2.dialect
from .base import \
INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLINT, VARCHAR, CHAR, TEXT, NUMERIC, FLOAT, REAL, \
INET, CIDR, UUID, BIT, MACADDR, OID, DOUBLE_PRECISION, TIMESTAMP, TIME, \
DATE, BYTEA, BOOLEAN, INTERVAL, ARRAY, ENUM, dialect, array, Any, All, \
TSVECTOR
from .constraints import ExcludeConstraint
from .hstore import HSTORE, hstore
from .json import JSON, JSONElement, JSONB
from .ranges import INT4RANGE, INT8RANGE, NUMRANGE, DATERANGE, TSRANGE, \
TSTZRANGE
__all__ = (
'INTEGER', 'BIGINT', 'SMALLINT', 'VARCHAR', 'CHAR', 'TEXT', 'NUMERIC',
'FLOAT', 'REAL', 'INET', 'CIDR', 'UUID', 'BIT', 'MACADDR', 'OID',
'DOUBLE_PRECISION', 'TIMESTAMP', 'TIME', 'DATE', 'BYTEA', 'BOOLEAN',
'INTERVAL', 'ARRAY', 'ENUM', 'dialect', 'Any', 'All', 'array', 'HSTORE',
'hstore', 'INT4RANGE', 'INT8RANGE', 'NUMRANGE', 'DATERANGE',
'TSRANGE', 'TSTZRANGE', 'json', 'JSON', 'JSONB', 'JSONElement'
)

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# Copyright (C) 2013-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.schema import ColumnCollectionConstraint
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
class ExcludeConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table-level EXCLUDE constraint.
Defines an EXCLUDE constraint as described in the `postgres
documentation`__.
__ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/\
static/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE
"""
__visit_name__ = 'exclude_constraint'
where = None
def __init__(self, *elements, **kw):
"""
:param \*elements:
A sequence of two tuples of the form ``(column, operator)`` where
column must be a column name or Column object and operator must
be a string containing the operator to use.
:param name:
Optional, the in-database name of this constraint.
:param deferrable:
Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially:
Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
:param using:
Optional string. If set, emit USING <index_method> when issuing DDL
for this constraint. Defaults to 'gist'.
:param where:
Optional string. If set, emit WHERE <predicate> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
"""
ColumnCollectionConstraint.__init__(
self,
*[col for col, op in elements],
name=kw.get('name'),
deferrable=kw.get('deferrable'),
initially=kw.get('initially')
)
self.operators = {}
for col_or_string, op in elements:
name = getattr(col_or_string, 'name', col_or_string)
self.operators[name] = op
self.using = kw.get('using', 'gist')
where = kw.get('where')
if where:
self.where = expression._literal_as_text(where)
def copy(self, **kw):
elements = [(col, self.operators[col])
for col in self.columns.keys()]
c = self.__class__(*elements,
name=self.name,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially)
c.dispatch._update(self.dispatch)
return c

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# postgresql/hstore.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import re
from .base import ARRAY, ischema_names
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ...sql import functions as sqlfunc
from ...sql.operators import custom_op
from ... import util
__all__ = ('HSTORE', 'hstore')
# My best guess at the parsing rules of hstore literals, since no formal
# grammar is given. This is mostly reverse engineered from PG's input parser
# behavior.
HSTORE_PAIR_RE = re.compile(r"""
(
"(?P<key> (\\ . | [^"])* )" # Quoted key
)
[ ]* => [ ]* # Pair operator, optional adjoining whitespace
(
(?P<value_null> NULL ) # NULL value
| "(?P<value> (\\ . | [^"])* )" # Quoted value
)
""", re.VERBOSE)
HSTORE_DELIMITER_RE = re.compile(r"""
[ ]* , [ ]*
""", re.VERBOSE)
def _parse_error(hstore_str, pos):
"""format an unmarshalling error."""
ctx = 20
hslen = len(hstore_str)
parsed_tail = hstore_str[max(pos - ctx - 1, 0):min(pos, hslen)]
residual = hstore_str[min(pos, hslen):min(pos + ctx + 1, hslen)]
if len(parsed_tail) > ctx:
parsed_tail = '[...]' + parsed_tail[1:]
if len(residual) > ctx:
residual = residual[:-1] + '[...]'
return "After %r, could not parse residual at position %d: %r" % (
parsed_tail, pos, residual)
def _parse_hstore(hstore_str):
"""Parse an hstore from its literal string representation.
Attempts to approximate PG's hstore input parsing rules as closely as
possible. Although currently this is not strictly necessary, since the
current implementation of hstore's output syntax is stricter than what it
accepts as input, the documentation makes no guarantees that will always
be the case.
"""
result = {}
pos = 0
pair_match = HSTORE_PAIR_RE.match(hstore_str)
while pair_match is not None:
key = pair_match.group('key').replace(r'\"', '"').replace(
"\\\\", "\\")
if pair_match.group('value_null'):
value = None
else:
value = pair_match.group('value').replace(
r'\"', '"').replace("\\\\", "\\")
result[key] = value
pos += pair_match.end()
delim_match = HSTORE_DELIMITER_RE.match(hstore_str[pos:])
if delim_match is not None:
pos += delim_match.end()
pair_match = HSTORE_PAIR_RE.match(hstore_str[pos:])
if pos != len(hstore_str):
raise ValueError(_parse_error(hstore_str, pos))
return result
def _serialize_hstore(val):
"""Serialize a dictionary into an hstore literal. Keys and values must
both be strings (except None for values).
"""
def esc(s, position):
if position == 'value' and s is None:
return 'NULL'
elif isinstance(s, util.string_types):
return '"%s"' % s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', r'\"')
else:
raise ValueError("%r in %s position is not a string." %
(s, position))
return ', '.join('%s=>%s' % (esc(k, 'key'), esc(v, 'value'))
for k, v in val.items())
class HSTORE(sqltypes.Concatenable, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql HSTORE type.
The :class:`.HSTORE` type stores dictionaries containing strings, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', HSTORE)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
:class:`.HSTORE` provides for a wide range of operations, including:
* Index operations::
data_table.c.data['some key'] == 'some value'
* Containment operations::
data_table.c.data.has_key('some key')
data_table.c.data.has_all(['one', 'two', 'three'])
* Concatenation::
data_table.c.data + {"k1": "v1"}
For a full list of special methods see
:class:`.HSTORE.comparator_factory`.
For usage with the SQLAlchemy ORM, it may be desirable to combine
the usage of :class:`.HSTORE` with :class:`.MutableDict` dictionary
now part of the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable`
extension. This extension will allow "in-place" changes to the
dictionary, e.g. addition of new keys or replacement/removal of existing
keys to/from the current dictionary, to produce events which will be
detected by the unit of work::
from sqlalchemy.ext.mutable import MutableDict
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'data_table'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
data = Column(MutableDict.as_mutable(HSTORE))
my_object = session.query(MyClass).one()
# in-place mutation, requires Mutable extension
# in order for the ORM to detect
my_object.data['some_key'] = 'some value'
session.commit()
When the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension is not used, the ORM
will not be alerted to any changes to the contents of an existing
dictionary, unless that dictionary value is re-assigned to the
HSTORE-attribute itself, thus generating a change event.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
.. seealso::
:class:`.hstore` - render the Postgresql ``hstore()`` function.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'HSTORE'
hashable = False
class comparator_factory(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.HSTORE`."""
def has_key(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a key. Note that the
key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('?')(other)
def has_all(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of all keys in the PG
array.
"""
return self.expr.op('?&')(other)
def has_any(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of any key in the PG
array.
"""
return self.expr.op('?|')(other)
def defined(self, key):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a non-NULL value for
the key. Note that the key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return _HStoreDefinedFunction(self.expr, key)
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a superset of the keys of
the argument hstore expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('@>')(other)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a proper subset of the
keys of the argument hstore expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('<@')(other)
def __getitem__(self, other):
"""Text expression. Get the value at a given key. Note that the
key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('->', precedence=5)(other)
def delete(self, key):
"""HStore expression. Returns the contents of this hstore with the
given key deleted. Note that the key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
if isinstance(key, dict):
key = _serialize_hstore(key)
return _HStoreDeleteFunction(self.expr, key)
def slice(self, array):
"""HStore expression. Returns a subset of an hstore defined by
array of keys.
"""
return _HStoreSliceFunction(self.expr, array)
def keys(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of keys."""
return _HStoreKeysFunction(self.expr)
def vals(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of values."""
return _HStoreValsFunction(self.expr)
def array(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of alternating keys and
values.
"""
return _HStoreArrayFunction(self.expr)
def matrix(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of [key, value] pairs."""
return _HStoreMatrixFunction(self.expr)
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
if isinstance(op, custom_op):
if op.opstring in ['?', '?&', '?|', '@>', '<@']:
return op, sqltypes.Boolean
elif op.opstring == '->':
return op, sqltypes.Text
return sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator.\
_adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, dict):
return _serialize_hstore(value).encode(encoding)
else:
return value
else:
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, dict):
return _serialize_hstore(value)
else:
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return _parse_hstore(value.decode(encoding))
else:
return value
else:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return _parse_hstore(value)
else:
return value
return process
ischema_names['hstore'] = HSTORE
class hstore(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
"""Construct an hstore value within a SQL expression using the
Postgresql ``hstore()`` function.
The :class:`.hstore` function accepts one or two arguments as described
in the Postgresql documentation.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array, hstore
select([hstore('key1', 'value1')])
select([
hstore(
array(['key1', 'key2', 'key3']),
array(['value1', 'value2', 'value3'])
)
])
.. versionadded:: 0.8
.. seealso::
:class:`.HSTORE` - the Postgresql ``HSTORE`` datatype.
"""
type = HSTORE
name = 'hstore'
class _HStoreDefinedFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = sqltypes.Boolean
name = 'defined'
class _HStoreDeleteFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = HSTORE
name = 'delete'
class _HStoreSliceFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = HSTORE
name = 'slice'
class _HStoreKeysFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'akeys'
class _HStoreValsFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'avals'
class _HStoreArrayFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'hstore_to_array'
class _HStoreMatrixFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'hstore_to_matrix'

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# postgresql/json.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from __future__ import absolute_import
import json
from .base import ischema_names
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ...sql.operators import custom_op
from ... import sql
from ...sql import elements
from ... import util
__all__ = ('JSON', 'JSONElement', 'JSONB')
class JSONElement(elements.BinaryExpression):
"""Represents accessing an element of a :class:`.JSON` value.
The :class:`.JSONElement` is produced whenever using the Python index
operator on an expression that has the type :class:`.JSON`::
expr = mytable.c.json_data['some_key']
The expression typically compiles to a JSON access such as ``col -> key``.
Modifiers are then available for typing behavior, including
:meth:`.JSONElement.cast` and :attr:`.JSONElement.astext`.
"""
def __init__(self, left, right, astext=False,
opstring=None, result_type=None):
self._astext = astext
if opstring is None:
if hasattr(right, '__iter__') and \
not isinstance(right, util.string_types):
opstring = "#>"
right = "{%s}" % (
", ".join(util.text_type(elem) for elem in right))
else:
opstring = "->"
self._json_opstring = opstring
operator = custom_op(opstring, precedence=5)
right = left._check_literal(left, operator, right)
super(JSONElement, self).__init__(
left, right, operator, type_=result_type)
@property
def astext(self):
"""Convert this :class:`.JSONElement` to use the 'astext' operator
when evaluated.
E.g.::
select([data_table.c.data['some key'].astext])
.. seealso::
:meth:`.JSONElement.cast`
"""
if self._astext:
return self
else:
return JSONElement(
self.left,
self.right,
astext=True,
opstring=self._json_opstring + ">",
result_type=sqltypes.String(convert_unicode=True)
)
def cast(self, type_):
"""Convert this :class:`.JSONElement` to apply both the 'astext' operator
as well as an explicit type cast when evaulated.
E.g.::
select([data_table.c.data['some key'].cast(Integer)])
.. seealso::
:attr:`.JSONElement.astext`
"""
if not self._astext:
return self.astext.cast(type_)
else:
return sql.cast(self, type_)
class JSON(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql JSON type.
The :class:`.JSON` type stores arbitrary JSON format data, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', JSON)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
:class:`.JSON` provides several operations:
* Index operations::
data_table.c.data['some key']
* Index operations returning text (required for text comparison)::
data_table.c.data['some key'].astext == 'some value'
* Index operations with a built-in CAST call::
data_table.c.data['some key'].cast(Integer) == 5
* Path index operations::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', ..., 'key_n')]
* Path index operations returning text (required for text comparison)::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', ..., 'key_n')].astext == \\
'some value'
Index operations return an instance of :class:`.JSONElement`, which
represents an expression such as ``column -> index``. This element then
defines methods such as :attr:`.JSONElement.astext` and
:meth:`.JSONElement.cast` for setting up type behavior.
The :class:`.JSON` type, when used with the SQLAlchemy ORM, does not
detect in-place mutations to the structure. In order to detect these, the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension must be used. This extension will
allow "in-place" changes to the datastructure to produce events which
will be detected by the unit of work. See the example at :class:`.HSTORE`
for a simple example involving a dictionary.
Custom serializers and deserializers are specified at the dialect level,
that is using :func:`.create_engine`. The reason for this is that when
using psycopg2, the DBAPI only allows serializers at the per-cursor
or per-connection level. E.g.::
engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
json_serializer=my_serialize_fn,
json_deserializer=my_deserialize_fn
)
When using the psycopg2 dialect, the json_deserializer is registered
against the database using ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json``.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
__visit_name__ = 'JSON'
class comparator_factory(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.JSON`."""
def __getitem__(self, other):
"""Get the value at a given key."""
return JSONElement(self.expr, other)
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
if isinstance(op, custom_op):
if op.opstring == '->':
return op, sqltypes.Text
return sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator.\
_adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
json_serializer = dialect._json_serializer or json.dumps
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
return json_serializer(value).encode(encoding)
else:
def process(value):
return json_serializer(value)
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
json_deserializer = dialect._json_deserializer or json.loads
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
return json_deserializer(value.decode(encoding))
else:
def process(value):
return json_deserializer(value)
return process
ischema_names['json'] = JSON
class JSONB(JSON):
"""Represent the Postgresql JSONB type.
The :class:`.JSONB` type stores arbitrary JSONB format data, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', JSONB)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
:class:`.JSONB` provides several operations:
* Index operations::
data_table.c.data['some key']
* Index operations returning text (required for text comparison)::
data_table.c.data['some key'].astext == 'some value'
* Index operations with a built-in CAST call::
data_table.c.data['some key'].cast(Integer) == 5
* Path index operations::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', ..., 'key_n')]
* Path index operations returning text (required for text comparison)::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', ..., 'key_n')].astext == \\
'some value'
Index operations return an instance of :class:`.JSONElement`, which
represents an expression such as ``column -> index``. This element then
defines methods such as :attr:`.JSONElement.astext` and
:meth:`.JSONElement.cast` for setting up type behavior.
The :class:`.JSON` type, when used with the SQLAlchemy ORM, does not
detect in-place mutations to the structure. In order to detect these, the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension must be used. This extension will
allow "in-place" changes to the datastructure to produce events which
will be detected by the unit of work. See the example at :class:`.HSTORE`
for a simple example involving a dictionary.
Custom serializers and deserializers are specified at the dialect level,
that is using :func:`.create_engine`. The reason for this is that when
using psycopg2, the DBAPI only allows serializers at the per-cursor
or per-connection level. E.g.::
engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
json_serializer=my_serialize_fn,
json_deserializer=my_deserialize_fn
)
When using the psycopg2 dialect, the json_deserializer is registered
against the database using ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json``.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.7
"""
__visit_name__ = 'JSONB'
hashable = False
class comparator_factory(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.JSON`."""
def __getitem__(self, other):
"""Get the value at a given key."""
return JSONElement(self.expr, other)
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
# How does one do equality?? jsonb also has "=" eg.
# '[1,2,3]'::jsonb = '[1,2,3]'::jsonb
if isinstance(op, custom_op):
if op.opstring in ['?', '?&', '?|', '@>', '<@']:
return op, sqltypes.Boolean
if op.opstring == '->':
return op, sqltypes.Text
return sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator.\
_adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator)
def has_key(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a key. Note that the
key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('?')(other)
def has_all(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of all keys in jsonb
"""
return self.expr.op('?&')(other)
def has_any(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of any key in jsonb
"""
return self.expr.op('?|')(other)
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys (or array) are a superset of/contained
the keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('@>')(other)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a proper subset of the
keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.expr.op('<@')(other)
ischema_names['jsonb'] = JSONB

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# postgresql/pg8000.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS
# file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+pg8000
:name: pg8000
:dbapi: pg8000
:connectstring: \
postgresql+pg8000://user:password@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: https://pythonhosted.org/pg8000/
Unicode
-------
When communicating with the server, pg8000 **always uses the server-side
character set**. SQLAlchemy has no ability to modify what character set
pg8000 chooses to use, and additionally SQLAlchemy does no unicode conversion
of any kind with the pg8000 backend. The origin of the client encoding setting
is ultimately the CLIENT_ENCODING setting in postgresql.conf.
It is not necessary, though is also harmless, to pass the "encoding" parameter
to :func:`.create_engine` when using pg8000.
.. _pg8000_isolation_level:
pg8000 Transaction Isolation Level
-------------------------------------
The pg8000 dialect offers the same isolation level settings as that
of the :ref:`psycopg2 <psycopg2_isolation_level>` dialect:
* ``READ COMMITTED``
* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
* ``REPEATABLE READ``
* ``SERIALIZABLE``
* ``AUTOCOMMIT``
.. versionadded:: 0.9.5 support for AUTOCOMMIT isolation level when using
pg8000.
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`
:ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`
"""
from ... import util, exc
import decimal
from ... import processors
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import (
PGDialect, PGCompiler, PGIdentifierPreparer, PGExecutionContext,
_DECIMAL_TYPES, _FLOAT_TYPES, _INT_TYPES)
class _PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal, self._effective_decimal_return_scale)
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns Decimal natively for 1700
return None
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
else:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns float natively for 701
return None
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
return processors.to_float
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
class _PGNumericNoBind(_PGNumeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
class PGExecutionContext_pg8000(PGExecutionContext):
pass
class PGCompiler_pg8000(PGCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
if '%%' in text:
util.warn("The SQLAlchemy postgresql dialect "
"now automatically escapes '%' in text() "
"expressions to '%%'.")
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class PGIdentifierPreparer_pg8000(PGIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace('%', '%%')
class PGDialect_pg8000(PGDialect):
driver = 'pg8000'
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
default_paramstyle = 'format'
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_pg8000
statement_compiler = PGCompiler_pg8000
preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_pg8000
description_encoding = 'use_encoding'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _PGNumericNoBind,
sqltypes.Float: _PGNumeric
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('pg8000')
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return "connection is closed" in str(e)
def set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
level = level.replace('_', ' ')
# adjust for ConnectionFairy possibly being present
if hasattr(connection, 'connection'):
connection = connection.connection
if level == 'AUTOCOMMIT':
connection.autocommit = True
elif level in self._isolation_lookup:
connection.autocommit = False
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(
"SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION "
"ISOLATION LEVEL %s" % level)
cursor.execute("COMMIT")
cursor.close()
else:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid value '%s' for isolation_level. "
"Valid isolation levels for %s are %s or AUTOCOMMIT" %
(level, self.name, ", ".join(self._isolation_lookup))
)
dialect = PGDialect_pg8000

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# postgresql/psycopg2.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+psycopg2
:name: psycopg2
:dbapi: psycopg2
:connectstring: postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/psycopg2/
psycopg2 Connect Arguments
-----------------------------------
psycopg2-specific keyword arguments which are accepted by
:func:`.create_engine()` are:
* ``server_side_cursors``: Enable the usage of "server side cursors" for SQL
statements which support this feature. What this essentially means from a
psycopg2 point of view is that the cursor is created using a name, e.g.
``connection.cursor('some name')``, which has the effect that result rows
are not immediately pre-fetched and buffered after statement execution, but
are instead left on the server and only retrieved as needed. SQLAlchemy's
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.ResultProxy` uses special row-buffering
behavior when this feature is enabled, such that groups of 100 rows at a
time are fetched over the wire to reduce conversational overhead.
Note that the ``stream_results=True`` execution option is a more targeted
way of enabling this mode on a per-execution basis.
* ``use_native_unicode``: Enable the usage of Psycopg2 "native unicode" mode
per connection. True by default.
* ``isolation_level``: This option, available for all PostgreSQL dialects,
includes the ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation level when using the psycopg2
dialect. See :ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`.
Unix Domain Connections
------------------------
psycopg2 supports connecting via Unix domain connections. When the ``host``
portion of the URL is omitted, SQLAlchemy passes ``None`` to psycopg2,
which specifies Unix-domain communication rather than TCP/IP communication::
create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname")
By default, the socket file used is to connect to a Unix-domain socket
in ``/tmp``, or whatever socket directory was specified when PostgreSQL
was built. This value can be overridden by passing a pathname to psycopg2,
using ``host`` as an additional keyword argument::
create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?host=/var/lib/postgresql")
See also:
`PQconnectdbParams <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static\
/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQCONNECTDBPARAMS>`_
Per-Statement/Connection Execution Options
-------------------------------------------
The following DBAPI-specific options are respected when used with
:meth:`.Connection.execution_options`, :meth:`.Executable.execution_options`,
:meth:`.Query.execution_options`, in addition to those not specific to DBAPIs:
* isolation_level - Set the transaction isolation level for the lifespan of a
:class:`.Connection` (can only be set on a connection, not a statement
or query). See :ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`.
* stream_results - Enable or disable usage of psycopg2 server side cursors -
this feature makes use of "named" cursors in combination with special
result handling methods so that result rows are not fully buffered.
If ``None`` or not set, the ``server_side_cursors`` option of the
:class:`.Engine` is used.
Unicode
-------
By default, the psycopg2 driver uses the ``psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE``
extension, such that the DBAPI receives and returns all strings as Python
Unicode objects directly - SQLAlchemy passes these values through without
change. Psycopg2 here will encode/decode string values based on the
current "client encoding" setting; by default this is the value in
the ``postgresql.conf`` file, which often defaults to ``SQL_ASCII``.
Typically, this can be changed to ``utf-8``, as a more useful default::
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
client_encoding = utf8
A second way to affect the client encoding is to set it within Psycopg2
locally. SQLAlchemy will call psycopg2's ``set_client_encoding()``
method (see:
http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/connection.html#connection.set_client_encoding)
on all new connections based on the value passed to
:func:`.create_engine` using the ``client_encoding`` parameter::
engine = create_engine("postgresql://user:pass@host/dbname",
client_encoding='utf8')
This overrides the encoding specified in the Postgresql client configuration.
.. versionadded:: 0.7.3
The psycopg2-specific ``client_encoding`` parameter to
:func:`.create_engine`.
SQLAlchemy can also be instructed to skip the usage of the psycopg2
``UNICODE`` extension and to instead utilize its own unicode encode/decode
services, which are normally reserved only for those DBAPIs that don't
fully support unicode directly. Passing ``use_native_unicode=False`` to
:func:`.create_engine` will disable usage of ``psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE``.
SQLAlchemy will instead encode data itself into Python bytestrings on the way
in and coerce from bytes on the way back,
using the value of the :func:`.create_engine` ``encoding`` parameter, which
defaults to ``utf-8``.
SQLAlchemy's own unicode encode/decode functionality is steadily becoming
obsolete as more DBAPIs support unicode fully along with the approach of
Python 3; in modern usage psycopg2 should be relied upon to handle unicode.
Transactions
------------
The psycopg2 dialect fully supports SAVEPOINT and two-phase commit operations.
.. _psycopg2_isolation_level:
Psycopg2 Transaction Isolation Level
-------------------------------------
As discussed in :ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`,
all Postgresql dialects support setting of transaction isolation level
both via the ``isolation_level`` parameter passed to :func:`.create_engine`,
as well as the ``isolation_level`` argument used by
:meth:`.Connection.execution_options`. When using the psycopg2 dialect, these
options make use of psycopg2's ``set_isolation_level()`` connection method,
rather than emitting a Postgresql directive; this is because psycopg2's
API-level setting is always emitted at the start of each transaction in any
case.
The psycopg2 dialect supports these constants for isolation level:
* ``READ COMMITTED``
* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
* ``REPEATABLE READ``
* ``SERIALIZABLE``
* ``AUTOCOMMIT``
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2 support for AUTOCOMMIT isolation level when using
psycopg2.
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`
:ref:`pg8000_isolation_level`
NOTICE logging
---------------
The psycopg2 dialect will log Postgresql NOTICE messages via the
``sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql`` logger::
import logging
logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql').setLevel(logging.INFO)
.. _psycopg2_hstore::
HSTORE type
------------
The ``psycopg2`` DBAPI includes an extension to natively handle marshalling of
the HSTORE type. The SQLAlchemy psycopg2 dialect will enable this extension
by default when it is detected that the target database has the HSTORE
type set up for use. In other words, when the dialect makes the first
connection, a sequence like the following is performed:
1. Request the available HSTORE oids using
``psycopg2.extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids()``.
If this function returns a list of HSTORE identifiers, we then determine
that the ``HSTORE`` extension is present.
2. If the ``use_native_hstore`` flag is at its default of ``True``, and
we've detected that ``HSTORE`` oids are available, the
``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is invoked for all
connections.
The ``register_hstore()`` extension has the effect of **all Python
dictionaries being accepted as parameters regardless of the type of target
column in SQL**. The dictionaries are converted by this extension into a
textual HSTORE expression. If this behavior is not desired, disable the
use of the hstore extension by setting ``use_native_hstore`` to ``False`` as
follows::
engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
use_native_hstore=False)
The ``HSTORE`` type is **still supported** when the
``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is not used. It merely
means that the coercion between Python dictionaries and the HSTORE
string format, on both the parameter side and the result side, will take
place within SQLAlchemy's own marshalling logic, and not that of ``psycopg2``
which may be more performant.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import re
import logging
from ... import util, exc
import decimal
from ... import processors
from ...engine import result as _result
from ...sql import expression
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import PGDialect, PGCompiler, \
PGIdentifierPreparer, PGExecutionContext, \
ENUM, ARRAY, _DECIMAL_TYPES, _FLOAT_TYPES,\
_INT_TYPES
from .hstore import HSTORE
from .json import JSON
logger = logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql')
class _PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal,
self._effective_decimal_return_scale)
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns Decimal natively for 1700
return None
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
else:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns float natively for 701
return None
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
return processors.to_float
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
class _PGEnum(ENUM):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if util.py2k and self.convert_unicode is True:
# we can't easily use PG's extensions here because
# the OID is on the fly, and we need to give it a python
# function anyway - not really worth it.
self.convert_unicode = "force_nocheck"
return super(_PGEnum, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGHStore(HSTORE):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect._has_native_hstore:
return None
else:
return super(_PGHStore, self).bind_processor(dialect)
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._has_native_hstore:
return None
else:
return super(_PGHStore, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGJSON(JSON):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._has_native_json:
return None
else:
return super(_PGJSON, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
# When we're handed literal SQL, ensure it's a SELECT query. Since
# 8.3, combining cursors and "FOR UPDATE" has been fine.
SERVER_SIDE_CURSOR_RE = re.compile(
r'\s*SELECT',
re.I | re.UNICODE)
_server_side_id = util.counter()
class PGExecutionContext_psycopg2(PGExecutionContext):
def create_cursor(self):
# TODO: coverage for server side cursors + select.for_update()
if self.dialect.server_side_cursors:
is_server_side = \
self.execution_options.get('stream_results', True) and (
(self.compiled and isinstance(self.compiled.statement,
expression.Selectable)
or
(
(not self.compiled or
isinstance(self.compiled.statement,
expression.TextClause))
and self.statement and SERVER_SIDE_CURSOR_RE.match(
self.statement))
)
)
else:
is_server_side = \
self.execution_options.get('stream_results', False)
self.__is_server_side = is_server_side
if is_server_side:
# use server-side cursors:
# http://lists.initd.org/pipermail/psycopg/2007-January/005251.html
ident = "c_%s_%s" % (hex(id(self))[2:],
hex(_server_side_id())[2:])
return self._dbapi_connection.cursor(ident)
else:
return self._dbapi_connection.cursor()
def get_result_proxy(self):
# TODO: ouch
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):
self._log_notices(self.cursor)
if self.__is_server_side:
return _result.BufferedRowResultProxy(self)
else:
return _result.ResultProxy(self)
def _log_notices(self, cursor):
for notice in cursor.connection.notices:
# NOTICE messages have a
# newline character at the end
logger.info(notice.rstrip())
cursor.connection.notices[:] = []
class PGCompiler_psycopg2(PGCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2(PGIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace('%', '%%')
class PGDialect_psycopg2(PGDialect):
driver = 'psycopg2'
if util.py2k:
supports_unicode_statements = False
default_paramstyle = 'pyformat'
# set to true based on psycopg2 version
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_psycopg2
statement_compiler = PGCompiler_psycopg2
preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2
psycopg2_version = (0, 0)
_has_native_hstore = False
_has_native_json = False
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _PGNumeric,
ENUM: _PGEnum, # needs force_unicode
sqltypes.Enum: _PGEnum, # needs force_unicode
HSTORE: _PGHStore,
JSON: _PGJSON
}
)
def __init__(self, server_side_cursors=False, use_native_unicode=True,
client_encoding=None,
use_native_hstore=True,
**kwargs):
PGDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.server_side_cursors = server_side_cursors
self.use_native_unicode = use_native_unicode
self.use_native_hstore = use_native_hstore
self.supports_unicode_binds = use_native_unicode
self.client_encoding = client_encoding
if self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi, '__version__'):
m = re.match(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?',
self.dbapi.__version__)
if m:
self.psycopg2_version = tuple(
int(x)
for x in m.group(1, 2, 3)
if x is not None)
def initialize(self, connection):
super(PGDialect_psycopg2, self).initialize(connection)
self._has_native_hstore = self.use_native_hstore and \
self._hstore_oids(connection.connection) \
is not None
self._has_native_json = self.psycopg2_version >= (2, 5)
# http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/news.html#what-s-new-in-psycopg-2-0-9
self.supports_sane_multi_rowcount = self.psycopg2_version >= (2, 0, 9)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
import psycopg2
return psycopg2
@util.memoized_property
def _isolation_lookup(self):
from psycopg2 import extensions
return {
'AUTOCOMMIT': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT,
'READ COMMITTED': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED,
'READ UNCOMMITTED': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_UNCOMMITTED,
'REPEATABLE READ': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ,
'SERIALIZABLE': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE
}
def set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
try:
level = self._isolation_lookup[level.replace('_', ' ')]
except KeyError:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid value '%s' for isolation_level. "
"Valid isolation levels for %s are %s" %
(level, self.name, ", ".join(self._isolation_lookup))
)
connection.set_isolation_level(level)
def on_connect(self):
from psycopg2 import extras, extensions
fns = []
if self.client_encoding is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
conn.set_client_encoding(self.client_encoding)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.isolation_level is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
self.set_isolation_level(conn, self.isolation_level)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self.use_native_unicode:
def on_connect(conn):
extensions.register_type(extensions.UNICODE, conn)
extensions.register_type(extensions.UNICODEARRAY, conn)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self.use_native_hstore:
def on_connect(conn):
hstore_oids = self._hstore_oids(conn)
if hstore_oids is not None:
oid, array_oid = hstore_oids
if util.py2k:
extras.register_hstore(conn, oid=oid,
array_oid=array_oid,
unicode=True)
else:
extras.register_hstore(conn, oid=oid,
array_oid=array_oid)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self._json_deserializer:
def on_connect(conn):
extras.register_default_json(
conn, loads=self._json_deserializer)
fns.append(on_connect)
if fns:
def on_connect(conn):
for fn in fns:
fn(conn)
return on_connect
else:
return None
@util.memoized_instancemethod
def _hstore_oids(self, conn):
if self.psycopg2_version >= (2, 4):
from psycopg2 import extras
oids = extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids(conn)
if oids is not None and oids[0]:
return oids[0:2]
return None
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
# check the "closed" flag. this might not be
# present on old psycopg2 versions
if getattr(connection, 'closed', False):
return True
# legacy checks based on strings. the "closed" check
# above most likely obviates the need for any of these.
str_e = str(e).partition("\n")[0]
for msg in [
# these error messages from libpq: interfaces/libpq/fe-misc.c
# and interfaces/libpq/fe-secure.c.
'terminating connection',
'closed the connection',
'connection not open',
'could not receive data from server',
'could not send data to server',
# psycopg2 client errors, psycopg2/conenction.h,
# psycopg2/cursor.h
'connection already closed',
'cursor already closed',
# not sure where this path is originally from, it may
# be obsolete. It really says "losed", not "closed".
'losed the connection unexpectedly',
# this can occur in newer SSL
'connection has been closed unexpectedly'
]:
idx = str_e.find(msg)
if idx >= 0 and '"' not in str_e[:idx]:
return True
return False
dialect = PGDialect_psycopg2

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# postgresql/pypostgresql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+pypostgresql
:name: py-postgresql
:dbapi: pypostgresql
:connectstring: postgresql+pypostgresql://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://python.projects.pgfoundry.org/
"""
from ... import util
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import PGDialect, PGExecutionContext
from ... import processors
class PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return processors.to_str
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
return None
else:
return processors.to_float
class PGExecutionContext_pypostgresql(PGExecutionContext):
pass
class PGDialect_pypostgresql(PGDialect):
driver = 'pypostgresql'
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
description_encoding = None
default_paramstyle = 'pyformat'
# requires trunk version to support sane rowcounts
# TODO: use dbapi version information to set this flag appropriately
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_pypostgresql
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: PGNumeric,
# prevents PGNumeric from being used
sqltypes.Float: sqltypes.Float,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
from postgresql.driver import dbapi20
return dbapi20
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
else:
opts['port'] = 5432
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return "connection is closed" in str(e)
dialect = PGDialect_pypostgresql

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# Copyright (C) 2013-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .base import ischema_names
from ... import types as sqltypes
__all__ = ('INT4RANGE', 'INT8RANGE', 'NUMRANGE')
class RangeOperators(object):
"""
This mixin provides functionality for the Range Operators
listed in Table 9-44 of the `postgres documentation`__ for Range
Functions and Operators. It is used by all the range types
provided in the ``postgres`` dialect and can likely be used for
any range types you create yourself.
__ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/static/functions-range.html
No extra support is provided for the Range Functions listed in
Table 9-45 of the postgres documentation. For these, the normal
:func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.func` object should be used.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2 Support for Postgresql RANGE operations.
"""
class comparator_factory(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for range types."""
def __ne__(self, other):
"Boolean expression. Returns true if two ranges are not equal"
return self.expr.op('<>')(other)
def contains(self, other, **kw):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the right hand operand,
which can be an element or a range, is contained within the
column.
"""
return self.expr.op('@>')(other)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is contained
within the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('<@')(other)
def overlaps(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column overlaps
(has points in common with) the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&&')(other)
def strictly_left_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is strictly
left of the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('<<')(other)
__lshift__ = strictly_left_of
def strictly_right_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is strictly
right of the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('>>')(other)
__rshift__ = strictly_right_of
def not_extend_right_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
does not extend right of the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&<')(other)
def not_extend_left_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
does not extend left of the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&>')(other)
def adjacent_to(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
is adjacent to the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('-|-')(other)
def __add__(self, other):
"""Range expression. Returns the union of the two ranges.
Will raise an exception if the resulting range is not
contigous.
"""
return self.expr.op('+')(other)
class INT4RANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql INT4RANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'INT4RANGE'
ischema_names['int4range'] = INT4RANGE
class INT8RANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql INT8RANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'INT8RANGE'
ischema_names['int8range'] = INT8RANGE
class NUMRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql NUMRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'NUMRANGE'
ischema_names['numrange'] = NUMRANGE
class DATERANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql DATERANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'DATERANGE'
ischema_names['daterange'] = DATERANGE
class TSRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql TSRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'TSRANGE'
ischema_names['tsrange'] = TSRANGE
class TSTZRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the Postgresql TSTZRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'TSTZRANGE'
ischema_names['tstzrange'] = TSTZRANGE

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# postgresql/zxjdbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+zxjdbc
:name: zxJDBC for Jython
:dbapi: zxjdbc
:connectstring: postgresql+zxjdbc://scott:tiger@localhost/db
:driverurl: http://jdbc.postgresql.org/
"""
from ...connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from .base import PGDialect, PGExecutionContext
class PGExecutionContext_zxjdbc(PGExecutionContext):
def create_cursor(self):
cursor = self._dbapi_connection.cursor()
cursor.datahandler = self.dialect.DataHandler(cursor.datahandler)
return cursor
class PGDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, PGDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'postgresql'
jdbc_driver_name = 'org.postgresql.Driver'
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_zxjdbc
supports_native_decimal = True
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(PGDialect_zxjdbc, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
from com.ziclix.python.sql.handler import PostgresqlDataHandler
self.DataHandler = PostgresqlDataHandler
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
parts = connection.connection.dbversion.split('.')
return tuple(int(x) for x in parts)
dialect = PGDialect_zxjdbc