# ext/declarative/base.py # Copyright (C) 2005-2016 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors # # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """Internal implementation for declarative.""" from ...schema import Table, Column from ...orm import mapper, class_mapper, synonym from ...orm.interfaces import MapperProperty from ...orm.properties import ColumnProperty, CompositeProperty from ...orm.attributes import QueryableAttribute from ...orm.base import _is_mapped_class from ... import util, exc from ...util import topological from ...sql import expression from ... import event from . import clsregistry import collections import weakref from sqlalchemy.orm import instrumentation declared_attr = declarative_props = None def _declared_mapping_info(cls): # deferred mapping if _DeferredMapperConfig.has_cls(cls): return _DeferredMapperConfig.config_for_cls(cls) # regular mapping elif _is_mapped_class(cls): return class_mapper(cls, configure=False) else: return None def _resolve_for_abstract(cls): if cls is object: return None if _get_immediate_cls_attr(cls, '__abstract__', strict=True): for sup in cls.__bases__: sup = _resolve_for_abstract(sup) if sup is not None: return sup else: return None else: return cls def _get_immediate_cls_attr(cls, attrname, strict=False): """return an attribute of the class that is either present directly on the class, e.g. not on a superclass, or is from a superclass but this superclass is a mixin, that is, not a descendant of the declarative base. This is used to detect attributes that indicate something about a mapped class independently from any mapped classes that it may inherit from. """ if not issubclass(cls, object): return None for base in cls.__mro__: _is_declarative_inherits = hasattr(base, '_decl_class_registry') if attrname in base.__dict__ and ( base is cls or ((base in cls.__bases__ if strict else True) and not _is_declarative_inherits) ): return getattr(base, attrname) else: return None def _as_declarative(cls, classname, dict_): global declared_attr, declarative_props if declared_attr is None: from .api import declared_attr declarative_props = (declared_attr, util.classproperty) if _get_immediate_cls_attr(cls, '__abstract__', strict=True): return _MapperConfig.setup_mapping(cls, classname, dict_) class _MapperConfig(object): @classmethod def setup_mapping(cls, cls_, classname, dict_): defer_map = _get_immediate_cls_attr( cls_, '_sa_decl_prepare_nocascade', strict=True) or \ hasattr(cls_, '_sa_decl_prepare') if defer_map: cfg_cls = _DeferredMapperConfig else: cfg_cls = _MapperConfig cfg_cls(cls_, classname, dict_) def __init__(self, cls_, classname, dict_): self.cls = cls_ # dict_ will be a dictproxy, which we can't write to, and we need to! self.dict_ = dict(dict_) self.classname = classname self.mapped_table = None self.properties = util.OrderedDict() self.declared_columns = set() self.column_copies = {} self._setup_declared_events() # temporary registry. While early 1.0 versions # set up the ClassManager here, by API contract # we can't do that until there's a mapper. self.cls._sa_declared_attr_reg = {} self._scan_attributes() clsregistry.add_class(self.classname, self.cls) self._extract_mappable_attributes() self._extract_declared_columns() self._setup_table() self._setup_inheritance() self._early_mapping() def _early_mapping(self): self.map() def _setup_declared_events(self): if _get_immediate_cls_attr(self.cls, '__declare_last__'): @event.listens_for(mapper, "after_configured") def after_configured(): self.cls.__declare_last__() if _get_immediate_cls_attr(self.cls, '__declare_first__'): @event.listens_for(mapper, "before_configured") def before_configured(): self.cls.__declare_first__() def _scan_attributes(self): cls = self.cls dict_ = self.dict_ column_copies = self.column_copies mapper_args_fn = None table_args = inherited_table_args = None tablename = None for base in cls.__mro__: class_mapped = base is not cls and \ _declared_mapping_info(base) is not None and \ not _get_immediate_cls_attr( base, '_sa_decl_prepare_nocascade', strict=True) if not class_mapped and base is not cls: self._produce_column_copies(base) for name, obj in vars(base).items(): if name == '__mapper_args__': if not mapper_args_fn and ( not class_mapped or isinstance(obj, declarative_props) ): # don't even invoke __mapper_args__ until # after we've determined everything about the # mapped table. # make a copy of it so a class-level dictionary # is not overwritten when we update column-based # arguments. mapper_args_fn = lambda: dict(cls.__mapper_args__) elif name == '__tablename__': if not tablename and ( not class_mapped or isinstance(obj, declarative_props) ): tablename = cls.__tablename__ elif name == '__table_args__': if not table_args and ( not class_mapped or isinstance(obj, declarative_props) ): table_args = cls.__table_args__ if not isinstance( table_args, (tuple, dict, type(None))): raise exc.ArgumentError( "__table_args__ value must be a tuple, " "dict, or None") if base is not cls: inherited_table_args = True elif class_mapped: if isinstance(obj, declarative_props): util.warn("Regular (i.e. not __special__) " "attribute '%s.%s' uses @declared_attr, " "but owning class %s is mapped - " "not applying to subclass %s." % (base.__name__, name, base, cls)) continue elif base is not cls: # we're a mixin, abstract base, or something that is # acting like that for now. if isinstance(obj, Column): # already copied columns to the mapped class. continue elif isinstance(obj, MapperProperty): raise exc.InvalidRequestError( "Mapper properties (i.e. deferred," "column_property(), relationship(), etc.) must " "be declared as @declared_attr callables " "on declarative mixin classes.") elif isinstance(obj, declarative_props): oldclassprop = isinstance(obj, util.classproperty) if not oldclassprop and obj._cascading: dict_[name] = column_copies[obj] = \ ret = obj.__get__(obj, cls) setattr(cls, name, ret) else: if oldclassprop: util.warn_deprecated( "Use of sqlalchemy.util.classproperty on " "declarative classes is deprecated.") dict_[name] = column_copies[obj] = \ ret = getattr(cls, name) if isinstance(ret, (Column, MapperProperty)) and \ ret.doc is None: ret.doc = obj.__doc__ if inherited_table_args and not tablename: table_args = None self.table_args = table_args self.tablename = tablename self.mapper_args_fn = mapper_args_fn def _produce_column_copies(self, base): cls = self.cls dict_ = self.dict_ column_copies = self.column_copies # copy mixin columns to the mapped class for name, obj in vars(base).items(): if isinstance(obj, Column): if getattr(cls, name) is not obj: # if column has been overridden # (like by the InstrumentedAttribute of the # superclass), skip continue elif obj.foreign_keys: raise exc.InvalidRequestError( "Columns with foreign keys to other columns " "must be declared as @declared_attr callables " "on declarative mixin classes. ") elif name not in dict_ and not ( '__table__' in dict_ and (obj.name or name) in dict_['__table__'].c ): column_copies[obj] = copy_ = obj.copy() copy_._creation_order = obj._creation_order setattr(cls, name, copy_) dict_[name] = copy_ def _extract_mappable_attributes(self): cls = self.cls dict_ = self.dict_ our_stuff = self.properties for k in list(dict_): if k in ('__table__', '__tablename__', '__mapper_args__'): continue value = dict_[k] if isinstance(value, declarative_props): value = getattr(cls, k) elif isinstance(value, QueryableAttribute) and \ value.class_ is not cls and \ value.key != k: # detect a QueryableAttribute that's already mapped being # assigned elsewhere in userland, turn into a synonym() value = synonym(value.key) setattr(cls, k, value) if (isinstance(value, tuple) and len(value) == 1 and isinstance(value[0], (Column, MapperProperty))): util.warn("Ignoring declarative-like tuple value of attribute " "%s: possibly a copy-and-paste error with a comma " "left at the end of the line?" % k) continue elif not isinstance(value, (Column, MapperProperty)): # using @declared_attr for some object that # isn't Column/MapperProperty; remove from the dict_ # and place the evaluated value onto the class. if not k.startswith('__'): dict_.pop(k) setattr(cls, k, value) continue # we expect to see the name 'metadata' in some valid cases; # however at this point we see it's assigned to something trying # to be mapped, so raise for that. elif k == 'metadata': raise exc.InvalidRequestError( "Attribute name 'metadata' is reserved " "for the MetaData instance when using a " "declarative base class." ) prop = clsregistry._deferred_relationship(cls, value) our_stuff[k] = prop def _extract_declared_columns(self): our_stuff = self.properties # set up attributes in the order they were created our_stuff.sort(key=lambda key: our_stuff[key]._creation_order) # extract columns from the class dict declared_columns = self.declared_columns name_to_prop_key = collections.defaultdict(set) for key, c in list(our_stuff.items()): if isinstance(c, (ColumnProperty, CompositeProperty)): for col in c.columns: if isinstance(col, Column) and \ col.table is None: _undefer_column_name(key, col) if not isinstance(c, CompositeProperty): name_to_prop_key[col.name].add(key) declared_columns.add(col) elif isinstance(c, Column): _undefer_column_name(key, c) name_to_prop_key[c.name].add(key) declared_columns.add(c) # if the column is the same name as the key, # remove it from the explicit properties dict. # the normal rules for assigning column-based properties # will take over, including precedence of columns # in multi-column ColumnProperties. if key == c.key: del our_stuff[key] for name, keys in name_to_prop_key.items(): if len(keys) > 1: util.warn( "On class %r, Column object %r named " "directly multiple times, " "only one will be used: %s" % (self.classname, name, (", ".join(sorted(keys)))) ) def _setup_table(self): cls = self.cls tablename = self.tablename table_args = self.table_args dict_ = self.dict_ declared_columns = self.declared_columns declared_columns = self.declared_columns = sorted( declared_columns, key=lambda c: c._creation_order) table = None if hasattr(cls, '__table_cls__'): table_cls = util.unbound_method_to_callable(cls.__table_cls__) else: table_cls = Table if '__table__' not in dict_: if tablename is not None: args, table_kw = (), {} if table_args: if isinstance(table_args, dict): table_kw = table_args elif isinstance(table_args, tuple): if isinstance(table_args[-1], dict): args, table_kw = table_args[0:-1], table_args[-1] else: args = table_args autoload = dict_.get('__autoload__') if autoload: table_kw['autoload'] = True cls.__table__ = table = table_cls( tablename, cls.metadata, *(tuple(declared_columns) + tuple(args)), **table_kw) else: table = cls.__table__ if declared_columns: for c in declared_columns: if not table.c.contains_column(c): raise exc.ArgumentError( "Can't add additional column %r when " "specifying __table__" % c.key ) self.local_table = table def _setup_inheritance(self): table = self.local_table cls = self.cls table_args = self.table_args declared_columns = self.declared_columns for c in cls.__bases__: c = _resolve_for_abstract(c) if c is None: continue if _declared_mapping_info(c) is not None and \ not _get_immediate_cls_attr( c, '_sa_decl_prepare_nocascade', strict=True): self.inherits = c break else: self.inherits = None if table is None and self.inherits is None and \ not _get_immediate_cls_attr(cls, '__no_table__'): raise exc.InvalidRequestError( "Class %r does not have a __table__ or __tablename__ " "specified and does not inherit from an existing " "table-mapped class." % cls ) elif self.inherits: inherited_mapper = _declared_mapping_info(self.inherits) inherited_table = inherited_mapper.local_table inherited_mapped_table = inherited_mapper.mapped_table if table is None: # single table inheritance. # ensure no table args if table_args: raise exc.ArgumentError( "Can't place __table_args__ on an inherited class " "with no table." ) # add any columns declared here to the inherited table. for c in declared_columns: if c.primary_key: raise exc.ArgumentError( "Can't place primary key columns on an inherited " "class with no table." ) if c.name in inherited_table.c: if inherited_table.c[c.name] is c: continue raise exc.ArgumentError( "Column '%s' on class %s conflicts with " "existing column '%s'" % (c, cls, inherited_table.c[c.name]) ) inherited_table.append_column(c) if inherited_mapped_table is not None and \ inherited_mapped_table is not inherited_table: inherited_mapped_table._refresh_for_new_column(c) def _prepare_mapper_arguments(self): properties = self.properties if self.mapper_args_fn: mapper_args = self.mapper_args_fn() else: mapper_args = {} # make sure that column copies are used rather # than the original columns from any mixins for k in ('version_id_col', 'polymorphic_on',): if k in mapper_args: v = mapper_args[k] mapper_args[k] = self.column_copies.get(v, v) assert 'inherits' not in mapper_args, \ "Can't specify 'inherits' explicitly with declarative mappings" if self.inherits: mapper_args['inherits'] = self.inherits if self.inherits and not mapper_args.get('concrete', False): # single or joined inheritance # exclude any cols on the inherited table which are # not mapped on the parent class, to avoid # mapping columns specific to sibling/nephew classes inherited_mapper = _declared_mapping_info(self.inherits) inherited_table = inherited_mapper.local_table if 'exclude_properties' not in mapper_args: mapper_args['exclude_properties'] = exclude_properties = \ set([c.key for c in inherited_table.c if c not in inherited_mapper._columntoproperty]) exclude_properties.difference_update( [c.key for c in self.declared_columns]) # look through columns in the current mapper that # are keyed to a propname different than the colname # (if names were the same, we'd have popped it out above, # in which case the mapper makes this combination). # See if the superclass has a similar column property. # If so, join them together. for k, col in list(properties.items()): if not isinstance(col, expression.ColumnElement): continue if k in inherited_mapper._props: p = inherited_mapper._props[k] if isinstance(p, ColumnProperty): # note here we place the subclass column # first. See [ticket:1892] for background. properties[k] = [col] + p.columns result_mapper_args = mapper_args.copy() result_mapper_args['properties'] = properties self.mapper_args = result_mapper_args def map(self): self._prepare_mapper_arguments() if hasattr(self.cls, '__mapper_cls__'): mapper_cls = util.unbound_method_to_callable( self.cls.__mapper_cls__) else: mapper_cls = mapper self.cls.__mapper__ = mp_ = mapper_cls( self.cls, self.local_table, **self.mapper_args ) del self.cls._sa_declared_attr_reg return mp_ class _DeferredMapperConfig(_MapperConfig): _configs = util.OrderedDict() def _early_mapping(self): pass @property def cls(self): return self._cls() @cls.setter def cls(self, class_): self._cls = weakref.ref(class_, self._remove_config_cls) self._configs[self._cls] = self @classmethod def _remove_config_cls(cls, ref): cls._configs.pop(ref, None) @classmethod def has_cls(cls, class_): # 2.6 fails on weakref if class_ is an old style class return isinstance(class_, type) and \ weakref.ref(class_) in cls._configs @classmethod def config_for_cls(cls, class_): return cls._configs[weakref.ref(class_)] @classmethod def classes_for_base(cls, base_cls, sort=True): classes_for_base = [m for m in cls._configs.values() if issubclass(m.cls, base_cls)] if not sort: return classes_for_base all_m_by_cls = dict( (m.cls, m) for m in classes_for_base ) tuples = [] for m_cls in all_m_by_cls: tuples.extend( (all_m_by_cls[base_cls], all_m_by_cls[m_cls]) for base_cls in m_cls.__bases__ if base_cls in all_m_by_cls ) return list( topological.sort( tuples, classes_for_base ) ) def map(self): self._configs.pop(self._cls, None) return super(_DeferredMapperConfig, self).map() def _add_attribute(cls, key, value): """add an attribute to an existing declarative class. This runs through the logic to determine MapperProperty, adds it to the Mapper, adds a column to the mapped Table, etc. """ if '__mapper__' in cls.__dict__: if isinstance(value, Column): _undefer_column_name(key, value) cls.__table__.append_column(value) cls.__mapper__.add_property(key, value) elif isinstance(value, ColumnProperty): for col in value.columns: if isinstance(col, Column) and col.table is None: _undefer_column_name(key, col) cls.__table__.append_column(col) cls.__mapper__.add_property(key, value) elif isinstance(value, MapperProperty): cls.__mapper__.add_property( key, clsregistry._deferred_relationship(cls, value) ) elif isinstance(value, QueryableAttribute) and value.key != key: # detect a QueryableAttribute that's already mapped being # assigned elsewhere in userland, turn into a synonym() value = synonym(value.key) cls.__mapper__.add_property( key, clsregistry._deferred_relationship(cls, value) ) else: type.__setattr__(cls, key, value) else: type.__setattr__(cls, key, value) def _declarative_constructor(self, **kwargs): """A simple constructor that allows initialization from kwargs. Sets attributes on the constructed instance using the names and values in ``kwargs``. Only keys that are present as attributes of the instance's class are allowed. These could be, for example, any mapped columns or relationships. """ cls_ = type(self) for k in kwargs: if not hasattr(cls_, k): raise TypeError( "%r is an invalid keyword argument for %s" % (k, cls_.__name__)) setattr(self, k, kwargs[k]) _declarative_constructor.__name__ = '__init__' def _undefer_column_name(key, column): if column.key is None: column.key = key if column.name is None: column.name = key