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POPPLER_README-XPDF
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Xpdf
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====
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version 3.03
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2011-aug-15
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The Xpdf software and documentation are
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copyright 1996-2011 Glyph & Cog, LLC.
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Email: derekn@foolabs.com
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WWW: http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
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The PDF data structures, operators, and specification are
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copyright 1985-2006 Adobe Systems Inc.
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What is Xpdf?
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-------------
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Xpdf is an open source viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF)
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files. (These are also sometimes also called 'Acrobat' files, from
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the name of Adobe's PDF software.) The Xpdf project also includes a
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PDF text extractor, PDF-to-PostScript converter, and various other
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utilities.
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Xpdf runs under the X Window System on UNIX, VMS, and OS/2. The non-X
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components (pdftops, pdftotext, etc.) also run on Windows and Mac OSX
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systems and should run on pretty much any system with a decent C++
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compiler. Xpdf will run on 32-bit and 64-bit machines.
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License & Distribution
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----------------------
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Xpdf is licensed under the GNU General Pulbic License (GPL), version 2
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or 3. This means that you can distribute derivatives of Xpdf under
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any of the following:
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- GPL v2 only
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- GPL v3 only
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- GPL v2 or v3
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The Xpdf source package includes the text of both GPL versions:
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COPYING for GPL v2, COPYING3 for GPL v3.
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Please note that Xpdf is NOT licensed under "any later version" of the
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GPL, as I have no idea what those versions will look like.
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If you are redistributing unmodified copies of Xpdf (or any of the
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Xpdf tools) in binary form, you need to include all of the
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documentation: README, man pages (or help files), COPYING, and
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COPYING3.
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If you want to incorporate the Xpdf source code into another program
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(or create a modified version of Xpdf), and you are distributing that
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program, you have two options: release your program under the GPL (v2
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and/or v3), or purchase a commercial Xpdf source license.
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If you're interested in commercial licensing, please see the Glyph &
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Cog web site:
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http://www.glyphandcog.com/
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Compatibility
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-------------
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Xpdf is developed and tested on Linux.
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In addition, it has been compiled by others on Solaris, AIX, HP-UX,
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Digital Unix, Irix, and numerous other Unix implementations, as well
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as VMS and OS/2. It should work on pretty much any system which runs
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X11 and has Unix-like libraries. You'll need ANSI C++ and C compilers
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to compile it.
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The non-X components of Xpdf (pdftops, pdftotext, pdfinfo, pdffonts,
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pdfdetach, pdftoppm, and pdfimages) can also be compiled on Windows
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and Mac OSX systems. See the Xpdf web page for details.
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If you compile Xpdf for a system not listed on the web page, please
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let me know. If you're willing to make your binary available by ftp
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or on the web, I'll be happy to add a link from the Xpdf web page. I
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have decided not to host any binaries I didn't compile myself (for
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disk space and support reasons).
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If you can't get Xpdf to compile on your system, send me email and
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I'll try to help.
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Xpdf has been ported to the Acorn, Amiga, BeOS, and EPOC. See the
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Xpdf web page for links.
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Getting Xpdf
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------------
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The latest version is available from:
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http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
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or:
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ftp://ftp.foolabs.com/pub/xpdf/
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Source code and several precompiled executables are available.
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Announcements of new versions are posted to comp.text.pdf and emailed
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to a list of people. If you'd like to receive email notification of
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new versions, just let me know.
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Running Xpdf
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------------
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To run xpdf, simply type:
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xpdf file.pdf
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To generate a PostScript file, hit the "print" button in xpdf, or run
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pdftops:
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pdftops file.pdf
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To generate a plain text file, run pdftotext:
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pdftotext file.pdf
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There are five additional utilities (which are fully described in
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their man pages):
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pdfinfo -- dumps a PDF file's Info dictionary (plus some other
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useful information)
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pdffonts -- lists the fonts used in a PDF file along with various
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information for each font
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pdfdetach -- lists or extracts embedded files (attachments) from a
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PDF file
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pdftoppm -- converts a PDF file to a series of PPM/PGM/PBM-format
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bitmaps
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pdfimages -- extracts the images from a PDF file
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Command line options and many other details are described in the man
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pages (xpdf(1), etc.) and the VMS help files (xpdf.hlp, etc.).
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All of these utilities read an optional configuration file: see the
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xpdfrc(5) man page.
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Upgrading from Xpdf 3.02 (and earlier)
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--------------------------------------
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The font configuration system has been changed. Previous versions
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used mostly separate commands to configure fonts for display and for
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PostScript output. As of 3.03, configuration options that make sense
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for both display and PS output have been unified.
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The following xpdfrc commands have been removed:
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* displayFontT1, displayFontTT: replaced with fontFile
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* displayNamedCIDFontT1, displayNamedCIDFontTT: replaced with fontFile
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* displayCIDFontT1, displayCIDFontTT: replaced with fontFileCC
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* psFont: replaced with psResidentFont
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* psNamedFont16: replaced with psResidentFont16
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* psFont16: replaced with psResidentFontCC
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See the xpdfrc(5) man page for more information on the new commands.
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Pdftops will now embed external 16-bit fonts (configured with the
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fontFileCC command) when the PDF file refers to a non-embedded font.
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It does not do any subsetting (yet), so the resulting PS files will be
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large.
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Compiling Xpdf
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--------------
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See the separate file, INSTALL.
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Bugs
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----
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If you find a bug in Xpdf, i.e., if it prints an error message,
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crashes, or incorrectly displays a document, and you don't see that
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bug listed here, please send me email, with a pointer (URL, ftp site,
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etc.) to the PDF file.
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Acknowledgments
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---------------
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Thanks to:
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* Patrick Voigt for help with the remote server code.
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* Patrick Moreau, Martin P.J. Zinser, and David Mathog for the VMS
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port.
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* David Boldt and Rick Rodgers for sample man pages.
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* Brendan Miller for the icon idea.
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* Olly Betts for help testing pdftotext.
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* Peter Ganten for the OS/2 port.
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* Michael Richmond for the Win32 port of pdftops and pdftotext and the
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xpdf/cygwin/XFree86 build instructions.
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* Frank M. Siegert for improvements in the PostScript code.
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* Leo Smiers for the decryption patches.
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* Rainer Menzner for creating t1lib, and for helping me adapt it to
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xpdf.
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* Pine Tree Systems A/S for funding the OPI and EPS support in
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pdftops.
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* Easy Software Products for funding several improvements to the
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PostScript output code.
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* Tom Kacvinsky for help with FreeType and for being my interface to
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the FreeType team.
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* Theppitak Karoonboonyanan for help with Thai support.
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* Leonard Rosenthol for help and contributions on a bunch of things.
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* Alexandros Diamantidis and Maria Adaloglou for help with Greek
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support.
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* Lawrence Lai for help with the CJK Unicode maps.
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Various people have contributed modifications made for use by the
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pdftex project:
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* Han The Thanh
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* Martin Schröder of ArtCom GmbH
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References
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----------
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Adobe Systems Inc., _PDF Reference, sixth edition: Adobe Portable
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Document Format version 1.7_.
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http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
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[The manual for PDF version 1.7.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., "Errata for the PDF Reference, sixth edition,
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version 1.7", October 16, 2006.
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http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
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[The errata for the PDF 1.7 spec.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _PostScript Language Reference_, 3rd ed.
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Addison-Wesley, 1999, ISBN 0-201-37922-8.
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[The official PostScript manual.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _The Type 42 Font Format Specification_,
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Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5012. 1998.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5012.Type42_Spec.pdf
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[Type 42 is the format used to embed TrueType fonts in PostScript
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files.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files Specification_,
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Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5014. 1995.
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http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5014.CIDFont_Spec.pdf
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[CMap file format needed for Japanese and Chinese font support.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-Japan1-4 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5078.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5078.CID_Glyph.pdf
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[The Adobe Japanese character set.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-GB1-4 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5079.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5079.Adobe-GB1-4.pdf
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[The Adobe Chinese GB (simplified) character set.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-CNS1-3 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5080.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5080.CNS_CharColl.pdf
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[The Adobe Chinese CNS (traditional) character set.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _Supporting the DCT Filters in PostScript Level
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2_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5116. 1992.
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http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5116.PS2_DCT.PDF
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[Description of the DCTDecode filter parameters.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _Open Prepress Interface (OPI) Specification -
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Version 2.0_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5660. 2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5660.OPI_2.0.pdf
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Adobe Systems Inc., CMap files.
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ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe/
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[The actual CMap files for the 16-bit CJK encodings.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., Unicode glyph lists.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/unicodegn.html
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/glyphlist.txt
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/corporateuse.txt
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/zapfdingbats.txt
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[Mappings between character names to Unicode.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., OpenType Specification v. 1.4.
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http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_spec.html
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[The OpenType font format spec.]
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Aldus Corp., _OPI: Open Prepress Interface Specification 1.3_. 1993.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/OPI_13.pdf
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Anonymous, RC4 source code.
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ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto/misc/rc4.tar.gz
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ftp://idea.sec.dsi.unimi.it/pub/crypt/code/rc4.tar.gz
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[This is the algorithm used to encrypt PDF files.]
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T. Boutell, et al., "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification,
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Version 1.0". RFC 2083.
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[PDF uses the PNG filter algorithms.]
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CCITT, "Information Technology - Digital Compression and Coding of
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Continuous-tone Still Images - Requirements and Guidelines", CCITT
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Recommendation T.81.
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http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/
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[The official JPEG spec.]
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A. Chernov, "Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set". RFC 1489.
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[Documentation for the KOI8-R Cyrillic encoding.]
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Roman Czyborra, "The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup".
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http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html
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[Documentation on the various ISO 859 encodings.]
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L. Peter Deutsch, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version
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3.3". RFC 1950.
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[Information on the general format used in FlateDecode streams.]
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L. Peter Deutsch, "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification
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version 1.3". RFC 1951.
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[The definition of the compression algorithm used in FlateDecode
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streams.]
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Morris Dworkin, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation",
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National Institute of Standards, NIST Special Publication 800-38A,
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2001.
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[The cipher block chaining (CBC) mode used with AES in PDF files.]
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Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197 (FIPS PUBS
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197), "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)", November 26, 2001.
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[AES encryption, used in PDF 1.6.]
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Jim Flowers, "X Logical Font Description Conventions", Version 1.5, X
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Consortium Standard, X Version 11, Release 6.1.
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ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.1/xc/doc/hardcopy/XLFD/xlfd.PS.Z
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[The official specification of X font descriptors, including font
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transformation matrices.]
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Foley, van Dam, Feiner, and Hughes, _Computer Graphics: Principles and
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Practice_, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-12110-7.
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[Colorspace conversion functions, Bezier spline math.]
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Robert L. Hummel, _Programmer's Technical Reference: Data and Fax
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Communications_. Ziff-Davis Press, 1993, ISBN 1-56276-077-7.
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[CCITT Group 3 and 4 fax decoding.]
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ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- Lossy/lossless coding of bi-level
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images_. ISO/IEC 14492, First edition (2001-12-15).
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http://webstore.ansi.org/
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[The official JBIG2 standard. The final draft of this spec is
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available from http://www.jpeg.org/jbighomepage.html.]
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ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system --
|
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Part 1: Core coding system_. ISO/IEC 15444-1, First edition
|
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(2000-12-15).
|
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http://webstore.ansi.org/
|
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[The official JPEG 2000 standard. The final committee draft of this
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spec is available from http://www.jpeg.org/JPEG2000.html, but there
|
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were changes made to the bitstream format between that draft and the
|
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published spec.]
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ITU, "Standardization of Group 3 facsimile terminals for document
|
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transmission", ITU-T Recommendation T.4, 1999.
|
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ITU, "Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for Group 4
|
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facsimile apparatus", ITU-T Recommendation T.6, 1993.
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http://www.itu.int/
|
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[The official Group 3 and 4 fax standards - used by the CCITTFaxDecode
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stream, as well as the JBIG2Decode stream.]
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B. Kaliski, "PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification,
|
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Version 2.0". RFC 2898.
|
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[Defines the padding scheme used with AES encryption in PDF files.]
|
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Christoph Loeffler, Adriaan Ligtenberg, George S. Moschytz, "Practical
|
||||
Fast 1-D DCT Algorithms with 11 Multiplications". IEEE Intl. Conf. on
|
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Acoustics, Speech & Signal Processing, 1989, 988-991.
|
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[The fast IDCT algorithm used in the DCTDecode filter.]
|
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Microsoft, _TrueType 1.0 Font Files_, rev. 1.66. 1995.
|
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http://www.microsoft.com/typography/tt/tt.htm
|
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[The TrueType font spec (in MS Word format, naturally).]
|
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|
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V. Ostromoukhov, R.D. Hersch, "Stochastic Clustered-Dot Dithering",
|
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Conf. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and
|
||||
Graphic Arts IV, 1999, SPIE Vol. 3648, 496-505.
|
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http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lsp/publications/colour/scd.html
|
||||
[The stochastic dithering algorithm used in Xpdf.]
|
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|
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P. Peterlin, "ISO 8859-2 (Latin 2) Resources".
|
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http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html
|
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[This is a web page with all sorts of useful Latin-2 character set and
|
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font information.]
|
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|
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Charles Poynton, "Color FAQ".
|
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http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/ColorFAQ.html
|
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[The mapping from the CIE 1931 (XYZ) color space to RGB.]
|
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|
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R. Rivest, "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". RFC 1321.
|
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[MD5 is used in PDF document encryption.]
|
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|
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Thai Industrial Standard, "Standard for Thai Character Codes for
|
||||
Computers", TIS-620-2533 (1990).
|
||||
http://www.nectec.or.th/it-standards/std620/std620.htm
|
||||
[The TIS-620 Thai encoding.]
|
||||
|
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Unicode Consortium, "Unicode Home Page".
|
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http://www.unicode.org/
|
||||
[Online copy of the Unicode spec.]
|
||||
|
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W3C Recommendation, "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification
|
||||
Version 1.0".
|
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http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/
|
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[Defines the PNG image predictor.]
|
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|
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Gregory K. Wallace, "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard".
|
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ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz
|
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[Good description of the JPEG standard. Also published in CACM, April
|
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1991, and submitted to IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.]
|
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|
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F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646". RFC 2279.
|
||||
[A commonly used Unicode encoding.]
|
||||
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