1802 lines
74 KiB
Python
1802 lines
74 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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werkzeug.wrappers
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The wrappers are simple request and response objects which you can
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subclass to do whatever you want them to do. The request object contains
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the information transmitted by the client (webbrowser) and the response
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object contains all the information sent back to the browser.
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An important detail is that the request object is created with the WSGI
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environ and will act as high-level proxy whereas the response object is an
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actual WSGI application.
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Like everything else in Werkzeug these objects will work correctly with
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unicode data. Incoming form data parsed by the response object will be
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decoded into an unicode object if possible and if it makes sense.
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:copyright: (c) 2013 by the Werkzeug Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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from functools import update_wrapper
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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from werkzeug.http import HTTP_STATUS_CODES, \
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parse_accept_header, parse_cache_control_header, parse_etags, \
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parse_date, generate_etag, is_resource_modified, unquote_etag, \
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quote_etag, parse_set_header, parse_authorization_header, \
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parse_www_authenticate_header, remove_entity_headers, \
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parse_options_header, dump_options_header, http_date, \
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parse_if_range_header, parse_cookie, dump_cookie, \
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parse_range_header, parse_content_range_header, dump_header
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from werkzeug.urls import url_decode, iri_to_uri, url_join
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from werkzeug.formparser import FormDataParser, default_stream_factory
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from werkzeug.utils import cached_property, environ_property, \
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header_property, get_content_type
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from werkzeug.wsgi import get_current_url, get_host, \
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ClosingIterator, get_input_stream, get_content_length
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from werkzeug.datastructures import MultiDict, CombinedMultiDict, Headers, \
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EnvironHeaders, ImmutableMultiDict, ImmutableTypeConversionDict, \
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ImmutableList, MIMEAccept, CharsetAccept, LanguageAccept, \
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ResponseCacheControl, RequestCacheControl, CallbackDict, \
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ContentRange, iter_multi_items
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from werkzeug._internal import _get_environ
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from werkzeug._compat import to_bytes, string_types, text_type, \
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integer_types, wsgi_decoding_dance, wsgi_get_bytes, \
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to_unicode, to_native, BytesIO
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def _run_wsgi_app(*args):
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"""This function replaces itself to ensure that the test module is not
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imported unless required. DO NOT USE!
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"""
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global _run_wsgi_app
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from werkzeug.test import run_wsgi_app as _run_wsgi_app
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return _run_wsgi_app(*args)
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def _warn_if_string(iterable):
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"""Helper for the response objects to check if the iterable returned
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to the WSGI server is not a string.
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"""
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if isinstance(iterable, string_types):
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from warnings import warn
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warn(Warning('response iterable was set to a string. This appears '
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'to work but means that the server will send the '
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'data to the client char, by char. This is almost '
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'never intended behavior, use response.data to assign '
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'strings to the response object.'), stacklevel=2)
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def _assert_not_shallow(request):
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if request.shallow:
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raise RuntimeError('A shallow request tried to consume '
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'form data. If you really want to do '
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'that, set `shallow` to False.')
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def _iter_encoded(iterable, charset):
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for item in iterable:
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if isinstance(item, text_type):
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yield item.encode(charset)
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else:
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yield item
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class BaseRequest(object):
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"""Very basic request object. This does not implement advanced stuff like
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entity tag parsing or cache controls. The request object is created with
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the WSGI environment as first argument and will add itself to the WSGI
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environment as ``'werkzeug.request'`` unless it's created with
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`populate_request` set to False.
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There are a couple of mixins available that add additional functionality
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to the request object, there is also a class called `Request` which
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subclasses `BaseRequest` and all the important mixins.
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It's a good idea to create a custom subclass of the :class:`BaseRequest`
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and add missing functionality either via mixins or direct implementation.
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Here an example for such subclasses::
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from werkzeug.wrappers import BaseRequest, ETagRequestMixin
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class Request(BaseRequest, ETagRequestMixin):
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pass
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Request objects are **read only**. As of 0.5 modifications are not
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allowed in any place. Unlike the lower level parsing functions the
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request object will use immutable objects everywhere possible.
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Per default the request object will assume all the text data is `utf-8`
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encoded. Please refer to `the unicode chapter <unicode.txt>`_ for more
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details about customizing the behavior.
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Per default the request object will be added to the WSGI
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environment as `werkzeug.request` to support the debugging system.
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If you don't want that, set `populate_request` to `False`.
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If `shallow` is `True` the environment is initialized as shallow
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object around the environ. Every operation that would modify the
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environ in any way (such as consuming form data) raises an exception
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unless the `shallow` attribute is explicitly set to `False`. This
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is useful for middlewares where you don't want to consume the form
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data by accident. A shallow request is not populated to the WSGI
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environment.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.5
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read-only mode was enforced by using immutables classes for all
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data.
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"""
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#: the charset for the request, defaults to utf-8
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charset = 'utf-8'
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#: the error handling procedure for errors, defaults to 'replace'
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encoding_errors = 'replace'
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#: the maximum content length. This is forwarded to the form data
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#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
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#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
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#: parsing fails because more than the specified value is transmitted
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#: a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
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#:
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#: Have a look at :ref:`dealing-with-request-data` for more details.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
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max_content_length = None
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#: the maximum form field size. This is forwarded to the form data
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#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
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#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
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#: data in memory for post data is longer than the specified value a
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#: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
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#:
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#: Have a look at :ref:`dealing-with-request-data` for more details.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
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max_form_memory_size = None
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#: the class to use for `args` and `form`. The default is an
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#: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict` which supports
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#: multiple values per key. alternatively it makes sense to use an
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#: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableOrderedMultiDict` which
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#: preserves order or a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableDict`
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#: which is the fastest but only remembers the last key. It is also
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#: possible to use mutable structures, but this is not recommended.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
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parameter_storage_class = ImmutableMultiDict
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#: the type to be used for list values from the incoming WSGI environment.
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#: By default an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableList` is used
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#: (for example for :attr:`access_list`).
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
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list_storage_class = ImmutableList
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#: the type to be used for dict values from the incoming WSGI environment.
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#: By default an
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#: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableTypeConversionDict` is used
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#: (for example for :attr:`cookies`).
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
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dict_storage_class = ImmutableTypeConversionDict
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#: The form data parser that shoud be used. Can be replaced to customize
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#: the form date parsing.
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form_data_parser_class = FormDataParser
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#: Optionally a list of hosts that is trusted by this request. By default
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#: all hosts are trusted which means that whatever the client sends the
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#: host is will be accepted. This is the recommended setup as a webserver
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#: should manually be set up to not route invalid hosts to the application.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.9
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trusted_hosts = None
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#: Indicates weather the data descriptor should be allowed to read and
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#: buffer up the input stream. By default it's enabled.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.9
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disable_data_descriptor = False
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def __init__(self, environ, populate_request=True, shallow=False):
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self.environ = environ
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if populate_request and not shallow:
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self.environ['werkzeug.request'] = self
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self.shallow = shallow
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def __repr__(self):
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# make sure the __repr__ even works if the request was created
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# from an invalid WSGI environment. If we display the request
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# in a debug session we don't want the repr to blow up.
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args = []
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try:
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args.append("'%s'" % self.url)
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args.append('[%s]' % self.method)
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except Exception:
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args.append('(invalid WSGI environ)')
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return '<%s %s>' % (
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self.__class__.__name__,
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' '.join(args)
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)
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@property
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def url_charset(self):
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"""The charset that is assumed for URLs. Defaults to the value
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of :attr:`charset`.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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"""
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return self.charset
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@classmethod
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def from_values(cls, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Create a new request object based on the values provided. If
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environ is given missing values are filled from there. This method is
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useful for small scripts when you need to simulate a request from an URL.
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Do not use this method for unittesting, there is a full featured client
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object (:class:`Client`) that allows to create multipart requests,
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support for cookies etc.
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This accepts the same options as the
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:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.5
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This method now accepts the same arguments as
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:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`. Because of this the
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`environ` parameter is now called `environ_overrides`.
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:return: request object
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"""
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from werkzeug.test import EnvironBuilder
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charset = kwargs.pop('charset', cls.charset)
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builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
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try:
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return builder.get_request(cls)
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finally:
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builder.close()
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@classmethod
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def application(cls, f):
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"""Decorate a function as responder that accepts the request as first
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argument. This works like the :func:`responder` decorator but the
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function is passed the request object as first argument and the
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request object will be closed automatically::
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@Request.application
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def my_wsgi_app(request):
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return Response('Hello World!')
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:param f: the WSGI callable to decorate
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:return: a new WSGI callable
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"""
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#: return a callable that wraps the -2nd argument with the request
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#: and calls the function with all the arguments up to that one and
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#: the request. The return value is then called with the latest
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#: two arguments. This makes it possible to use this decorator for
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#: both methods and standalone WSGI functions.
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def application(*args):
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request = cls(args[-2])
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with request:
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return f(*args[:-2] + (request,))(*args[-2:])
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return update_wrapper(application, f)
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def _get_file_stream(self, total_content_length, content_type, filename=None,
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content_length=None):
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"""Called to get a stream for the file upload.
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This must provide a file-like class with `read()`, `readline()`
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and `seek()` methods that is both writeable and readable.
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The default implementation returns a temporary file if the total
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content length is higher than 500KB. Because many browsers do not
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provide a content length for the files only the total content
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length matters.
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:param total_content_length: the total content length of all the
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data in the request combined. This value
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is guaranteed to be there.
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:param content_type: the mimetype of the uploaded file.
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:param filename: the filename of the uploaded file. May be `None`.
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:param content_length: the length of this file. This value is usually
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not provided because webbrowsers do not provide
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this value.
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"""
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return default_stream_factory(total_content_length, content_type,
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filename, content_length)
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@property
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def want_form_data_parsed(self):
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"""Returns True if the request method carries content. As of
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Werkzeug 0.9 this will be the case if a content type is transmitted.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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return bool(self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE'))
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def make_form_data_parser(self):
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"""Creates the form data parser. Instanciates the
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:attr:`form_data_parser_class` with some parameters.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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return self.form_data_parser_class(self._get_file_stream,
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self.charset,
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self.encoding_errors,
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self.max_form_memory_size,
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self.max_content_length,
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self.parameter_storage_class)
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def _load_form_data(self):
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"""Method used internally to retrieve submitted data. After calling
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this sets `form` and `files` on the request object to multi dicts
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filled with the incoming form data. As a matter of fact the input
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stream will be empty afterwards. You can also call this method to
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force the parsing of the form data.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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# abort early if we have already consumed the stream
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if 'form' in self.__dict__:
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return
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_assert_not_shallow(self)
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if self.want_form_data_parsed:
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content_type = self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '')
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content_length = get_content_length(self.environ)
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mimetype, options = parse_options_header(content_type)
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parser = self.make_form_data_parser()
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data = parser.parse(self._get_stream_for_parsing(),
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mimetype, content_length, options)
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else:
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data = (self.stream, self.parameter_storage_class(),
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self.parameter_storage_class())
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# inject the values into the instance dict so that we bypass
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# our cached_property non-data descriptor.
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d = self.__dict__
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d['stream'], d['form'], d['files'] = data
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def _get_stream_for_parsing(self):
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"""This is the same as accessing :attr:`stream` with the difference
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that if it finds cached data from calling :meth:`get_data` first it
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will create a new stream out of the cached data.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9.3
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"""
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cached_data = getattr(self, '_cached_data', None)
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if cached_data is not None:
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return BytesIO(cached_data)
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return self.stream
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def close(self):
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"""Closes associated resources of this request object. This
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closes all file handles explicitly. You can also use the request
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object in a with statement with will automatically close it.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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files = self.__dict__.get('files')
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for key, value in iter_multi_items(files or ()):
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value.close()
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def __enter__(self):
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return self
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
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self.close()
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@cached_property
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def stream(self):
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"""The stream to read incoming data from. Unlike :attr:`input_stream`
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this stream is properly guarded that you can't accidentally read past
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the length of the input. Werkzeug will internally always refer to
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this stream to read data which makes it possible to wrap this
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object with a stream that does filtering.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.9
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This stream is now always available but might be consumed by the
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form parser later on. Previously the stream was only set if no
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parsing happened.
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"""
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_assert_not_shallow(self)
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return get_input_stream(self.environ)
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input_stream = environ_property('wsgi.input', 'The WSGI input stream.\n'
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'In general it\'s a bad idea to use this one because you can easily '
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'read past the boundary. Use the :attr:`stream` instead.')
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@cached_property
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def args(self):
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"""The parsed URL parameters. By default an
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
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is returned from this function. This can be changed by setting
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:attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type. This might
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be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
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"""
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return url_decode(wsgi_get_bytes(self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')),
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self.url_charset, errors=self.encoding_errors,
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cls=self.parameter_storage_class)
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@cached_property
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def data(self):
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if self.disable_data_descriptor:
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raise AttributeError('data descriptor is disabled')
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# XXX: this should eventually be deprecated.
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# We trigger form data parsing first which means that the descriptor
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# will not cache the data that would otherwise be .form or .files
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# data. This restores the behavior that was there in Werkzeug
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# before 0.9. New code should use :meth:`get_data` explicitly as
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# this will make behavior explicit.
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return self.get_data(parse_form_data=True)
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def get_data(self, cache=True, as_text=False, parse_form_data=False):
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"""This reads the buffered incoming data from the client into one
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bytestring. By default this is cached but that behavior can be
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changed by setting `cache` to `False`.
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Usually it's a bad idea to call this method without checking the
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content length first as a client could send dozens of megabytes or more
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to cause memory problems on the server.
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Note that if the form data was already parsed this method will not
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return anything as form data parsing does not cache the data like
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this method does. To implicitly invoke form data parsing function
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set `parse_form_data` to `True`. When this is done the return value
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of this method will be an empty string if the form parser handles
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the data. This generally is not necessary as if the whole data is
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cached (which is the default) the form parser will used the cached
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data to parse the form data. Please be generally aware of checking
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the content length first in any case before calling this method
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to avoid exhausting server memory.
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If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
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unicode string.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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rv = getattr(self, '_cached_data', None)
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if rv is None:
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if parse_form_data:
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self._load_form_data()
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rv = self.stream.read()
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if cache:
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self._cached_data = rv
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if as_text:
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rv = rv.decode(self.charset, self.encoding_errors)
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return rv
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@cached_property
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def form(self):
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"""The form parameters. By default an
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
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is returned from this function. This can be changed by setting
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:attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type. This might
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be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
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"""
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self._load_form_data()
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return self.form
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@cached_property
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def values(self):
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"""Combined multi dict for :attr:`args` and :attr:`form`."""
|
|
args = []
|
|
for d in self.args, self.form:
|
|
if not isinstance(d, MultiDict):
|
|
d = MultiDict(d)
|
|
args.append(d)
|
|
return CombinedMultiDict(args)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def files(self):
|
|
""":class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` object containing
|
|
all uploaded files. Each key in :attr:`files` is the name from the
|
|
``<input type="file" name="">``. Each value in :attr:`files` is a
|
|
Werkzeug :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` object.
|
|
|
|
Note that :attr:`files` will only contain data if the request method was
|
|
POST, PUT or PATCH and the ``<form>`` that posted to the request had
|
|
``enctype="multipart/form-data"``. It will be empty otherwise.
|
|
|
|
See the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` /
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` documentation for
|
|
more details about the used data structure.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._load_form_data()
|
|
return self.files
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def cookies(self):
|
|
"""Read only access to the retrieved cookie values as dictionary."""
|
|
return parse_cookie(self.environ, self.charset,
|
|
self.encoding_errors,
|
|
cls=self.dict_storage_class)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def headers(self):
|
|
"""The headers from the WSGI environ as immutable
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.EnvironHeaders`.
|
|
"""
|
|
return EnvironHeaders(self.environ)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def path(self):
|
|
"""Requested path as unicode. This works a bit like the regular path
|
|
info in the WSGI environment but will always include a leading slash,
|
|
even if the URL root is accessed.
|
|
"""
|
|
raw_path = wsgi_decoding_dance(self.environ.get('PATH_INFO') or '',
|
|
self.charset, self.encoding_errors)
|
|
return '/' + raw_path.lstrip('/')
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def full_path(self):
|
|
"""Requested path as unicode, including the query string."""
|
|
return self.path + u'?' + to_unicode(self.query_string, self.url_charset)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def script_root(self):
|
|
"""The root path of the script without the trailing slash."""
|
|
raw_path = wsgi_decoding_dance(self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME') or '',
|
|
self.charset, self.encoding_errors)
|
|
return raw_path.rstrip('/')
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def url(self):
|
|
"""The reconstructed current URL"""
|
|
return get_current_url(self.environ,
|
|
trusted_hosts=self.trusted_hosts)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def base_url(self):
|
|
"""Like :attr:`url` but without the querystring"""
|
|
return get_current_url(self.environ, strip_querystring=True,
|
|
trusted_hosts=self.trusted_hosts)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def url_root(self):
|
|
"""The full URL root (with hostname), this is the application root."""
|
|
return get_current_url(self.environ, True,
|
|
trusted_hosts=self.trusted_hosts)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def host_url(self):
|
|
"""Just the host with scheme."""
|
|
return get_current_url(self.environ, host_only=True,
|
|
trusted_hosts=self.trusted_hosts)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def host(self):
|
|
"""Just the host including the port if available."""
|
|
return get_host(self.environ, trusted_hosts=self.trusted_hosts)
|
|
|
|
query_string = environ_property('QUERY_STRING', '', read_only=True,
|
|
load_func=wsgi_get_bytes, doc=
|
|
'''The URL parameters as raw bytestring.''')
|
|
method = environ_property('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET', read_only=True, doc=
|
|
'''The transmission method. (For example ``'GET'`` or ``'POST'``).''')
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def access_route(self):
|
|
"""If a forwarded header exists this is a list of all ip addresses
|
|
from the client ip to the last proxy server.
|
|
"""
|
|
if 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' in self.environ:
|
|
addr = self.environ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].split(',')
|
|
return self.list_storage_class([x.strip() for x in addr])
|
|
elif 'REMOTE_ADDR' in self.environ:
|
|
return self.list_storage_class([self.environ['REMOTE_ADDR']])
|
|
return self.list_storage_class()
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def remote_addr(self):
|
|
"""The remote address of the client."""
|
|
return self.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
|
|
|
|
remote_user = environ_property('REMOTE_USER', doc='''
|
|
If the server supports user authentication, and the script is
|
|
protected, this attribute contains the username the user has
|
|
authenticated as.''')
|
|
|
|
scheme = environ_property('wsgi.url_scheme', doc='''
|
|
URL scheme (http or https).
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7''')
|
|
|
|
is_xhr = property(lambda x: x.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH', '')
|
|
.lower() == 'xmlhttprequest', doc='''
|
|
True if the request was triggered via a JavaScript XMLHttpRequest.
|
|
This only works with libraries that support the `X-Requested-With`
|
|
header and set it to "XMLHttpRequest". Libraries that do that are
|
|
prototype, jQuery and Mochikit and probably some more.''')
|
|
is_secure = property(lambda x: x.environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https',
|
|
doc='`True` if the request is secure.')
|
|
is_multithread = environ_property('wsgi.multithread', doc='''
|
|
boolean that is `True` if the application is served by
|
|
a multithreaded WSGI server.''')
|
|
is_multiprocess = environ_property('wsgi.multiprocess', doc='''
|
|
boolean that is `True` if the application is served by
|
|
a WSGI server that spawns multiple processes.''')
|
|
is_run_once = environ_property('wsgi.run_once', doc='''
|
|
boolean that is `True` if the application will be executed only
|
|
once in a process lifetime. This is the case for CGI for example,
|
|
but it's not guaranteed that the exeuction only happens one time.''')
|
|
|
|
|
|
class BaseResponse(object):
|
|
"""Base response class. The most important fact about a response object
|
|
is that it's a regular WSGI application. It's initialized with a couple
|
|
of response parameters (headers, body, status code etc.) and will start a
|
|
valid WSGI response when called with the environ and start response
|
|
callable.
|
|
|
|
Because it's a WSGI application itself processing usually ends before the
|
|
actual response is sent to the server. This helps debugging systems
|
|
because they can catch all the exceptions before responses are started.
|
|
|
|
Here a small example WSGI application that takes advantage of the
|
|
response objects::
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug.wrappers import BaseResponse as Response
|
|
|
|
def index():
|
|
return Response('Index page')
|
|
|
|
def application(environ, start_response):
|
|
path = environ.get('PATH_INFO') or '/'
|
|
if path == '/':
|
|
response = index()
|
|
else:
|
|
response = Response('Not Found', status=404)
|
|
return response(environ, start_response)
|
|
|
|
Like :class:`BaseRequest` which object is lacking a lot of functionality
|
|
implemented in mixins. This gives you a better control about the actual
|
|
API of your response objects, so you can create subclasses and add custom
|
|
functionality. A full featured response object is available as
|
|
:class:`Response` which implements a couple of useful mixins.
|
|
|
|
To enforce a new type of already existing responses you can use the
|
|
:meth:`force_type` method. This is useful if you're working with different
|
|
subclasses of response objects and you want to post process them with a
|
|
know interface.
|
|
|
|
Per default the request object will assume all the text data is `utf-8`
|
|
encoded. Please refer to `the unicode chapter <unicode.txt>`_ for more
|
|
details about customizing the behavior.
|
|
|
|
Response can be any kind of iterable or string. If it's a string it's
|
|
considered being an iterable with one item which is the string passed.
|
|
Headers can be a list of tuples or a
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object.
|
|
|
|
Special note for `mimetype` and `content_type`: For most mime types
|
|
`mimetype` and `content_type` work the same, the difference affects
|
|
only 'text' mimetypes. If the mimetype passed with `mimetype` is a
|
|
mimetype starting with `text/`, the charset parameter of the response
|
|
object is appended to it. In contrast the `content_type` parameter is
|
|
always added as header unmodified.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
|
|
the `direct_passthrough` parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
:param response: a string or response iterable.
|
|
:param status: a string with a status or an integer with the status code.
|
|
:param headers: a list of headers or a
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object.
|
|
:param mimetype: the mimetype for the request. See notice above.
|
|
:param content_type: the content type for the request. See notice above.
|
|
:param direct_passthrough: if set to `True` :meth:`iter_encoded` is not
|
|
called before iteration which makes it
|
|
possible to pass special iterators though
|
|
unchanged (see :func:`wrap_file` for more
|
|
details.)
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
#: the charset of the response.
|
|
charset = 'utf-8'
|
|
|
|
#: the default status if none is provided.
|
|
default_status = 200
|
|
|
|
#: the default mimetype if none is provided.
|
|
default_mimetype = 'text/plain'
|
|
|
|
#: if set to `False` accessing properties on the response object will
|
|
#: not try to consume the response iterator and convert it into a list.
|
|
#:
|
|
#: .. versionadded:: 0.6.2
|
|
#:
|
|
#: That attribute was previously called `implicit_seqence_conversion`.
|
|
#: (Notice the typo). If you did use this feature, you have to adapt
|
|
#: your code to the name change.
|
|
implicit_sequence_conversion = True
|
|
|
|
#: Should this response object correct the location header to be RFC
|
|
#: conformant? This is true by default.
|
|
#:
|
|
#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
|
|
autocorrect_location_header = True
|
|
|
|
#: Should this response object automatically set the content-length
|
|
#: header if possible? This is true by default.
|
|
#:
|
|
#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
|
|
automatically_set_content_length = True
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, response=None, status=None, headers=None,
|
|
mimetype=None, content_type=None, direct_passthrough=False):
|
|
if isinstance(headers, Headers):
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
elif not headers:
|
|
self.headers = Headers()
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers = Headers(headers)
|
|
|
|
if content_type is None:
|
|
if mimetype is None and 'content-type' not in self.headers:
|
|
mimetype = self.default_mimetype
|
|
if mimetype is not None:
|
|
mimetype = get_content_type(mimetype, self.charset)
|
|
content_type = mimetype
|
|
if content_type is not None:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
|
|
if status is None:
|
|
status = self.default_status
|
|
if isinstance(status, integer_types):
|
|
self.status_code = status
|
|
else:
|
|
self.status = status
|
|
|
|
self.direct_passthrough = direct_passthrough
|
|
self._on_close = []
|
|
|
|
# we set the response after the headers so that if a class changes
|
|
# the charset attribute, the data is set in the correct charset.
|
|
if response is None:
|
|
self.response = []
|
|
elif isinstance(response, (text_type, bytes, bytearray)):
|
|
self.set_data(response)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.response = response
|
|
|
|
def call_on_close(self, func):
|
|
"""Adds a function to the internal list of functions that should
|
|
be called as part of closing down the response. Since 0.7 this
|
|
function also returns the function that was passed so that this
|
|
can be used as a decorator.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
"""
|
|
self._on_close.append(func)
|
|
return func
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
if self.is_sequence:
|
|
body_info = '%d bytes' % sum(map(len, self.iter_encoded()))
|
|
else:
|
|
body_info = self.is_streamed and 'streamed' or 'likely-streamed'
|
|
return '<%s %s [%s]>' % (
|
|
self.__class__.__name__,
|
|
body_info,
|
|
self.status
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def force_type(cls, response, environ=None):
|
|
"""Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current
|
|
type. Werkzeug will use the :class:`BaseResponse` internally in many
|
|
situations like the exceptions. If you call :meth:`get_response` on an
|
|
exception you will get back a regular :class:`BaseResponse` object, even
|
|
if you are using a custom subclass.
|
|
|
|
This method can enforce a given response type, and it will also
|
|
convert arbitrary WSGI callables into response objects if an environ
|
|
is provided::
|
|
|
|
# convert a Werkzeug response object into an instance of the
|
|
# MyResponseClass subclass.
|
|
response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response)
|
|
|
|
# convert any WSGI application into a response object
|
|
response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response, environ)
|
|
|
|
This is especially useful if you want to post-process responses in
|
|
the main dispatcher and use functionality provided by your subclass.
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that this will modify response objects in place if
|
|
possible!
|
|
|
|
:param response: a response object or wsgi application.
|
|
:param environ: a WSGI environment object.
|
|
:return: a response object.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not isinstance(response, BaseResponse):
|
|
if environ is None:
|
|
raise TypeError('cannot convert WSGI application into '
|
|
'response objects without an environ')
|
|
response = BaseResponse(*_run_wsgi_app(response, environ))
|
|
response.__class__ = cls
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def from_app(cls, app, environ, buffered=False):
|
|
"""Create a new response object from an application output. This
|
|
works best if you pass it an application that returns a generator all
|
|
the time. Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable
|
|
returned by the `start_response` function. This tries to resolve such
|
|
edge cases automatically. But if you don't get the expected output
|
|
you should set `buffered` to `True` which enforces buffering.
|
|
|
|
:param app: the WSGI application to execute.
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment to execute against.
|
|
:param buffered: set to `True` to enforce buffering.
|
|
:return: a response object.
|
|
"""
|
|
return cls(*_run_wsgi_app(app, environ, buffered))
|
|
|
|
def _get_status_code(self):
|
|
return self._status_code
|
|
def _set_status_code(self, code):
|
|
self._status_code = code
|
|
try:
|
|
self._status = '%d %s' % (code, HTTP_STATUS_CODES[code].upper())
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
self._status = '%d UNKNOWN' % code
|
|
status_code = property(_get_status_code, _set_status_code,
|
|
doc='The HTTP Status code as number')
|
|
del _get_status_code, _set_status_code
|
|
|
|
def _get_status(self):
|
|
return self._status
|
|
def _set_status(self, value):
|
|
self._status = to_native(value)
|
|
try:
|
|
self._status_code = int(self._status.split(None, 1)[0])
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
self._status_code = 0
|
|
self._status = '0 %s' % self._status
|
|
status = property(_get_status, _set_status, doc='The HTTP Status code')
|
|
del _get_status, _set_status
|
|
|
|
def get_data(self, as_text=False):
|
|
"""The string representation of the request body. Whenever you call
|
|
this property the request iterable is encoded and flattened. This
|
|
can lead to unwanted behavior if you stream big data.
|
|
|
|
This behavior can be disabled by setting
|
|
:attr:`implicit_sequence_conversion` to `False`.
|
|
|
|
If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
|
|
unicode string.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
self._ensure_sequence()
|
|
rv = b''.join(self.iter_encoded())
|
|
if as_text:
|
|
rv = rv.decode(self.charset)
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
def set_data(self, value):
|
|
"""Sets a new string as response. The value set must either by a
|
|
unicode or bytestring. If a unicode string is set it's encoded
|
|
automatically to the charset of the response (utf-8 by default).
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
# if an unicode string is set, it's encoded directly so that we
|
|
# can set the content length
|
|
if isinstance(value, text_type):
|
|
value = value.encode(self.charset)
|
|
else:
|
|
value = bytes(value)
|
|
self.response = [value]
|
|
if self.automatically_set_content_length:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(value))
|
|
|
|
data = property(get_data, set_data, doc='''
|
|
A descriptor that calls :meth:`get_data` and :meth:`set_data`. This
|
|
should not be used and will eventually get deprecated.
|
|
''')
|
|
|
|
def calculate_content_length(self):
|
|
"""Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise."""
|
|
try:
|
|
self._ensure_sequence()
|
|
except RuntimeError:
|
|
return None
|
|
return sum(len(x) for x in self.response)
|
|
|
|
def _ensure_sequence(self, mutable=False):
|
|
"""This method can be called by methods that need a sequence. If
|
|
`mutable` is true, it will also ensure that the response sequence
|
|
is a standard Python list.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.is_sequence:
|
|
# if we need a mutable object, we ensure it's a list.
|
|
if mutable and not isinstance(self.response, list):
|
|
self.response = list(self.response)
|
|
return
|
|
if self.direct_passthrough:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('Attempted implicit sequence conversion '
|
|
'but the response object is in direct '
|
|
'passthrough mode.')
|
|
if not self.implicit_sequence_conversion:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('The response object required the iterable '
|
|
'to be a sequence, but the implicit '
|
|
'conversion was disabled. Call '
|
|
'make_sequence() yourself.')
|
|
self.make_sequence()
|
|
|
|
def make_sequence(self):
|
|
"""Converts the response iterator in a list. By default this happens
|
|
automatically if required. If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is
|
|
disabled, this method is not automatically called and some properties
|
|
might raise exceptions. This also encodes all the items.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.is_sequence:
|
|
# if we consume an iterable we have to ensure that the close
|
|
# method of the iterable is called if available when we tear
|
|
# down the response
|
|
close = getattr(self.response, 'close', None)
|
|
self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
|
|
if close is not None:
|
|
self.call_on_close(close)
|
|
|
|
def iter_encoded(self):
|
|
"""Iter the response encoded with the encoding of the response.
|
|
If the response object is invoked as WSGI application the return
|
|
value of this method is used as application iterator unless
|
|
:attr:`direct_passthrough` was activated.
|
|
"""
|
|
charset = self.charset
|
|
if __debug__:
|
|
_warn_if_string(self.response)
|
|
# Encode in a separate function so that self.response is fetched
|
|
# early. This allows us to wrap the response with the return
|
|
# value from get_app_iter or iter_encoded.
|
|
return _iter_encoded(self.response, self.charset)
|
|
|
|
def set_cookie(self, key, value='', max_age=None, expires=None,
|
|
path='/', domain=None, secure=None, httponly=False):
|
|
"""Sets a cookie. The parameters are the same as in the cookie `Morsel`
|
|
object in the Python standard library but it accepts unicode data, too.
|
|
|
|
:param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be set.
|
|
:param value: the value of the cookie.
|
|
:param max_age: should be a number of seconds, or `None` (default) if
|
|
the cookie should last only as long as the client's
|
|
browser session.
|
|
:param expires: should be a `datetime` object or UNIX timestamp.
|
|
:param domain: if you want to set a cross-domain cookie. For example,
|
|
``domain=".example.com"`` will set a cookie that is
|
|
readable by the domain ``www.example.com``,
|
|
``foo.example.com`` etc. Otherwise, a cookie will only
|
|
be readable by the domain that set it.
|
|
:param path: limits the cookie to a given path, per default it will
|
|
span the whole domain.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.headers.add('Set-Cookie', dump_cookie(key, value, max_age,
|
|
expires, path, domain, secure, httponly,
|
|
self.charset))
|
|
|
|
def delete_cookie(self, key, path='/', domain=None):
|
|
"""Delete a cookie. Fails silently if key doesn't exist.
|
|
|
|
:param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be deleted.
|
|
:param path: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
|
|
path, the path has to be defined here.
|
|
:param domain: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
|
|
domain, that domain has to be defined here.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.set_cookie(key, expires=0, max_age=0, path=path, domain=domain)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def is_streamed(self):
|
|
"""If the response is streamed (the response is not an iterable with
|
|
a length information) this property is `True`. In this case streamed
|
|
means that there is no information about the number of iterations.
|
|
This is usually `True` if a generator is passed to the response object.
|
|
|
|
This is useful for checking before applying some sort of post
|
|
filtering that should not take place for streamed responses.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
len(self.response)
|
|
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def is_sequence(self):
|
|
"""If the iterator is buffered, this property will be `True`. A
|
|
response object will consider an iterator to be buffered if the
|
|
response attribute is a list or tuple.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
"""
|
|
return isinstance(self.response, (tuple, list))
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Close the wrapped response if possible. You can also use the object
|
|
in a with statement which will automatically close it.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
Can now be used in a with statement.
|
|
"""
|
|
if hasattr(self.response, 'close'):
|
|
self.response.close()
|
|
for func in self._on_close:
|
|
func()
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
|
def freeze(self):
|
|
"""Call this method if you want to make your response object ready for
|
|
being pickled. This buffers the generator if there is one. It will
|
|
also set the `Content-Length` header to the length of the body.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
|
|
The `Content-Length` header is now set.
|
|
"""
|
|
# we explicitly set the length to a list of the *encoded* response
|
|
# iterator. Even if the implicit sequence conversion is disabled.
|
|
self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
|
|
self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(sum(map(len, self.response)))
|
|
|
|
def get_wsgi_headers(self, environ):
|
|
"""This is automatically called right before the response is started
|
|
and returns headers modified for the given environment. It returns a
|
|
copy of the headers from the response with some modifications applied
|
|
if necessary.
|
|
|
|
For example the location header (if present) is joined with the root
|
|
URL of the environment. Also the content length is automatically set
|
|
to zero here for certain status codes.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
|
|
Previously that function was called `fix_headers` and modified
|
|
the response object in place. Also since 0.6, IRIs in location
|
|
and content-location headers are handled properly.
|
|
|
|
Also starting with 0.6, Werkzeug will attempt to set the content
|
|
length if it is able to figure it out on its own. This is the
|
|
case if all the strings in the response iterable are already
|
|
encoded and the iterable is buffered.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: returns a new :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers`
|
|
object.
|
|
"""
|
|
headers = Headers(self.headers)
|
|
location = None
|
|
content_location = None
|
|
content_length = None
|
|
status = self.status_code
|
|
|
|
# iterate over the headers to find all values in one go. Because
|
|
# get_wsgi_headers is used each response that gives us a tiny
|
|
# speedup.
|
|
for key, value in headers:
|
|
ikey = key.lower()
|
|
if ikey == u'location':
|
|
location = value
|
|
elif ikey == u'content-location':
|
|
content_location = value
|
|
elif ikey == u'content-length':
|
|
content_length = value
|
|
|
|
# make sure the location header is an absolute URL
|
|
if location is not None:
|
|
old_location = location
|
|
if isinstance(location, text_type):
|
|
location = iri_to_uri(location)
|
|
if self.autocorrect_location_header:
|
|
current_url = get_current_url(environ, root_only=True)
|
|
if isinstance(current_url, text_type):
|
|
current_url = iri_to_uri(current_url)
|
|
location = url_join(current_url, location)
|
|
if location != old_location:
|
|
headers['Location'] = location
|
|
|
|
# make sure the content location is a URL
|
|
if content_location is not None and \
|
|
isinstance(content_location, text_type):
|
|
headers['Content-Location'] = iri_to_uri(content_location)
|
|
|
|
# remove entity headers and set content length to zero if needed.
|
|
# Also update content_length accordingly so that the automatic
|
|
# content length detection does not trigger in the following
|
|
# code.
|
|
if 100 <= status < 200 or status == 204:
|
|
headers['Content-Length'] = content_length = u'0'
|
|
elif status == 304:
|
|
remove_entity_headers(headers)
|
|
|
|
# if we can determine the content length automatically, we
|
|
# should try to do that. But only if this does not involve
|
|
# flattening the iterator or encoding of unicode strings in
|
|
# the response. We however should not do that if we have a 304
|
|
# response.
|
|
if self.automatically_set_content_length and \
|
|
self.is_sequence and content_length is None and status != 304:
|
|
try:
|
|
content_length = sum(len(to_bytes(x, 'ascii')) for x in self.response)
|
|
except UnicodeError:
|
|
# aha, something non-bytestringy in there, too bad, we
|
|
# can't safely figure out the length of the response.
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
headers['Content-Length'] = str(content_length)
|
|
|
|
return headers
|
|
|
|
def get_app_iter(self, environ):
|
|
"""Returns the application iterator for the given environ. Depending
|
|
on the request method and the current status code the return value
|
|
might be an empty response rather than the one from the response.
|
|
|
|
If the request method is `HEAD` or the status code is in a range
|
|
where the HTTP specification requires an empty response, an empty
|
|
iterable is returned.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: a response iterable.
|
|
"""
|
|
status = self.status_code
|
|
if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD' or \
|
|
100 <= status < 200 or status in (204, 304):
|
|
iterable = ()
|
|
elif self.direct_passthrough:
|
|
if __debug__:
|
|
_warn_if_string(self.response)
|
|
return self.response
|
|
else:
|
|
iterable = self.iter_encoded()
|
|
return ClosingIterator(iterable, self.close)
|
|
|
|
def get_wsgi_response(self, environ):
|
|
"""Returns the final WSGI response as tuple. The first item in
|
|
the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and
|
|
the third the list of headers. The response returned is created
|
|
specially for the given environment. For example if the request
|
|
method in the WSGI environment is ``'HEAD'`` the response will
|
|
be empty and only the headers and status code will be present.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: an ``(app_iter, status, headers)`` tuple.
|
|
"""
|
|
headers = self.get_wsgi_headers(environ)
|
|
app_iter = self.get_app_iter(environ)
|
|
return app_iter, self.status, headers.to_wsgi_list()
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
|
|
"""Process this response as WSGI application.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment.
|
|
:param start_response: the response callable provided by the WSGI
|
|
server.
|
|
:return: an application iterator
|
|
"""
|
|
app_iter, status, headers = self.get_wsgi_response(environ)
|
|
start_response(status, headers)
|
|
return app_iter
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AcceptMixin(object):
|
|
"""A mixin for classes with an :attr:`~BaseResponse.environ` attribute
|
|
to get all the HTTP accept headers as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Accept` objects (or subclasses
|
|
thereof).
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def accept_mimetypes(self):
|
|
"""List of mimetypes this client supports as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MIMEAccept` object.
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_accept_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT'), MIMEAccept)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def accept_charsets(self):
|
|
"""List of charsets this client supports as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.CharsetAccept` object.
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_accept_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET'),
|
|
CharsetAccept)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def accept_encodings(self):
|
|
"""List of encodings this client accepts. Encodings in a HTTP term
|
|
are compression encodings such as gzip. For charsets have a look at
|
|
:attr:`accept_charset`.
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_accept_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def accept_languages(self):
|
|
"""List of languages this client accepts as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.LanguageAccept` object.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged 0.5
|
|
In previous versions this was a regular
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Accept` object.
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_accept_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'),
|
|
LanguageAccept)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ETagRequestMixin(object):
|
|
"""Add entity tag and cache descriptors to a request object or object with
|
|
a WSGI environment available as :attr:`~BaseRequest.environ`. This not
|
|
only provides access to etags but also to the cache control header.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def cache_control(self):
|
|
"""A :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.RequestCacheControl` object
|
|
for the incoming cache control headers.
|
|
"""
|
|
cache_control = self.environ.get('HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL')
|
|
return parse_cache_control_header(cache_control, None,
|
|
RequestCacheControl)
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def if_match(self):
|
|
"""An object containing all the etags in the `If-Match` header.
|
|
|
|
:rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags`
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_etags(self.environ.get('HTTP_IF_MATCH'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def if_none_match(self):
|
|
"""An object containing all the etags in the `If-None-Match` header.
|
|
|
|
:rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags`
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_etags(self.environ.get('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def if_modified_since(self):
|
|
"""The parsed `If-Modified-Since` header as datetime object."""
|
|
return parse_date(self.environ.get('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def if_unmodified_since(self):
|
|
"""The parsed `If-Unmodified-Since` header as datetime object."""
|
|
return parse_date(self.environ.get('HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def if_range(self):
|
|
"""The parsed `If-Range` header.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
|
|
:rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange`
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_if_range_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_IF_RANGE'))
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def range(self):
|
|
"""The parsed `Range` header.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
|
|
:rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Range`
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_range_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_RANGE'))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserAgentMixin(object):
|
|
"""Adds a `user_agent` attribute to the request object which contains the
|
|
parsed user agent of the browser that triggered the request as a
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.useragents.UserAgent` object.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def user_agent(self):
|
|
"""The current user agent."""
|
|
from werkzeug.useragents import UserAgent
|
|
return UserAgent(self.environ)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AuthorizationMixin(object):
|
|
"""Adds an :attr:`authorization` property that represents the parsed
|
|
value of the `Authorization` header as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Authorization` object.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def authorization(self):
|
|
"""The `Authorization` object in parsed form."""
|
|
header = self.environ.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION')
|
|
return parse_authorization_header(header)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class StreamOnlyMixin(object):
|
|
"""If mixed in before the request object this will change the bahavior
|
|
of it to disable handling of form parsing. This disables the
|
|
:attr:`files`, :attr:`form` attributes and will just provide a
|
|
:attr:`stream` attribute that however is always available.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
disable_data_descriptor = True
|
|
want_form_data_parsed = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ETagResponseMixin(object):
|
|
"""Adds extra functionality to a response object for etag and cache
|
|
handling. This mixin requires an object with at least a `headers`
|
|
object that implements a dict like interface similar to
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers`.
|
|
|
|
If you want the :meth:`freeze` method to automatically add an etag, you
|
|
have to mixin this method before the response base class. The default
|
|
response class does not do that.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def cache_control(self):
|
|
"""The Cache-Control general-header field is used to specify
|
|
directives that MUST be obeyed by all caching mechanisms along the
|
|
request/response chain.
|
|
"""
|
|
def on_update(cache_control):
|
|
if not cache_control and 'cache-control' in self.headers:
|
|
del self.headers['cache-control']
|
|
elif cache_control:
|
|
self.headers['Cache-Control'] = cache_control.to_header()
|
|
return parse_cache_control_header(self.headers.get('cache-control'),
|
|
on_update,
|
|
ResponseCacheControl)
|
|
|
|
def make_conditional(self, request_or_environ):
|
|
"""Make the response conditional to the request. This method works
|
|
best if an etag was defined for the response already. The `add_etag`
|
|
method can be used to do that. If called without etag just the date
|
|
header is set.
|
|
|
|
This does nothing if the request method in the request or environ is
|
|
anything but GET or HEAD.
|
|
|
|
It does not remove the body of the response because that's something
|
|
the :meth:`__call__` function does for us automatically.
|
|
|
|
Returns self so that you can do ``return resp.make_conditional(req)``
|
|
but modifies the object in-place.
|
|
|
|
:param request_or_environ: a request object or WSGI environment to be
|
|
used to make the response conditional
|
|
against.
|
|
"""
|
|
environ = _get_environ(request_or_environ)
|
|
if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
|
|
# if the date is not in the headers, add it now. We however
|
|
# will not override an already existing header. Unfortunately
|
|
# this header will be overriden by many WSGI servers including
|
|
# wsgiref.
|
|
if 'date' not in self.headers:
|
|
self.headers['Date'] = http_date()
|
|
if 'content-length' not in self.headers:
|
|
length = self.calculate_content_length()
|
|
if length is not None:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Length'] = length
|
|
if not is_resource_modified(environ, self.headers.get('etag'), None,
|
|
self.headers.get('last-modified')):
|
|
self.status_code = 304
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def add_etag(self, overwrite=False, weak=False):
|
|
"""Add an etag for the current response if there is none yet."""
|
|
if overwrite or 'etag' not in self.headers:
|
|
self.set_etag(generate_etag(self.get_data()), weak)
|
|
|
|
def set_etag(self, etag, weak=False):
|
|
"""Set the etag, and override the old one if there was one."""
|
|
self.headers['ETag'] = quote_etag(etag, weak)
|
|
|
|
def get_etag(self):
|
|
"""Return a tuple in the form ``(etag, is_weak)``. If there is no
|
|
ETag the return value is ``(None, None)``.
|
|
"""
|
|
return unquote_etag(self.headers.get('ETag'))
|
|
|
|
def freeze(self, no_etag=False):
|
|
"""Call this method if you want to make your response object ready for
|
|
pickeling. This buffers the generator if there is one. This also
|
|
sets the etag unless `no_etag` is set to `True`.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not no_etag:
|
|
self.add_etag()
|
|
super(ETagResponseMixin, self).freeze()
|
|
|
|
accept_ranges = header_property('Accept-Ranges', doc='''
|
|
The `Accept-Ranges` header. Even though the name would indicate
|
|
that multiple values are supported, it must be one string token only.
|
|
|
|
The values ``'bytes'`` and ``'none'`` are common.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7''')
|
|
|
|
def _get_content_range(self):
|
|
def on_update(rng):
|
|
if not rng:
|
|
del self.headers['content-range']
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Range'] = rng.to_header()
|
|
rv = parse_content_range_header(self.headers.get('content-range'),
|
|
on_update)
|
|
# always provide a content range object to make the descriptor
|
|
# more user friendly. It provides an unset() method that can be
|
|
# used to remove the header quickly.
|
|
if rv is None:
|
|
rv = ContentRange(None, None, None, on_update=on_update)
|
|
return rv
|
|
def _set_content_range(self, value):
|
|
if not value:
|
|
del self.headers['content-range']
|
|
elif isinstance(value, string_types):
|
|
self.headers['Content-Range'] = value
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Range'] = value.to_header()
|
|
content_range = property(_get_content_range, _set_content_range, doc='''
|
|
The `Content-Range` header as
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object. Even if the
|
|
header is not set it wil provide such an object for easier
|
|
manipulation.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7''')
|
|
del _get_content_range, _set_content_range
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ResponseStream(object):
|
|
"""A file descriptor like object used by the :class:`ResponseStreamMixin` to
|
|
represent the body of the stream. It directly pushes into the response
|
|
iterable of the response object.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
mode = 'wb+'
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, response):
|
|
self.response = response
|
|
self.closed = False
|
|
|
|
def write(self, value):
|
|
if self.closed:
|
|
raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed file')
|
|
self.response._ensure_sequence(mutable=True)
|
|
self.response.response.append(value)
|
|
|
|
def writelines(self, seq):
|
|
for item in seq:
|
|
self.write(item)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self.closed = True
|
|
|
|
def flush(self):
|
|
if self.closed:
|
|
raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed file')
|
|
|
|
def isatty(self):
|
|
if self.closed:
|
|
raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed file')
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def encoding(self):
|
|
return self.response.charset
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ResponseStreamMixin(object):
|
|
"""Mixin for :class:`BaseRequest` subclasses. Classes that inherit from
|
|
this mixin will automatically get a :attr:`stream` property that provides
|
|
a write-only interface to the response iterable.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def stream(self):
|
|
"""The response iterable as write-only stream."""
|
|
return ResponseStream(self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin(object):
|
|
"""A mixin for :class:`BaseRequest` subclasses. Request objects that
|
|
mix this class in will automatically get descriptors for a couple of
|
|
HTTP headers with automatic type conversion.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
content_type = environ_property('CONTENT_TYPE', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Type entity-header field indicates the media type of
|
|
the entity-body sent to the recipient or, in the case of the HEAD
|
|
method, the media type that would have been sent had the request
|
|
been a GET.''')
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def content_length(self):
|
|
"""The Content-Length entity-header field indicates the size of the
|
|
entity-body in bytes or, in the case of the HEAD method, the size of
|
|
the entity-body that would have been sent had the request been a
|
|
GET.
|
|
"""
|
|
return get_content_length(self.environ)
|
|
|
|
content_encoding = environ_property('HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a modifier to the
|
|
media-type. When present, its value indicates what additional content
|
|
codings have been applied to the entity-body, and thus what decoding
|
|
mechanisms must be applied in order to obtain the media-type
|
|
referenced by the Content-Type header field.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9''')
|
|
content_md5 = environ_property('HTTP_CONTENT_MD5', doc='''
|
|
The Content-MD5 entity-header field, as defined in RFC 1864, is an
|
|
MD5 digest of the entity-body for the purpose of providing an
|
|
end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body. (Note:
|
|
a MIC is good for detecting accidental modification of the
|
|
entity-body in transit, but is not proof against malicious attacks.)
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9''')
|
|
referrer = environ_property('HTTP_REFERER', doc='''
|
|
The Referer[sic] request-header field allows the client to specify,
|
|
for the server's benefit, the address (URI) of the resource from which
|
|
the Request-URI was obtained (the "referrer", although the header
|
|
field is misspelled).''')
|
|
date = environ_property('HTTP_DATE', None, parse_date, doc='''
|
|
The Date general-header field represents the date and time at which
|
|
the message was originated, having the same semantics as orig-date
|
|
in RFC 822.''')
|
|
max_forwards = environ_property('HTTP_MAX_FORWARDS', None, int, doc='''
|
|
The Max-Forwards request-header field provides a mechanism with the
|
|
TRACE and OPTIONS methods to limit the number of proxies or gateways
|
|
that can forward the request to the next inbound server.''')
|
|
|
|
def _parse_content_type(self):
|
|
if not hasattr(self, '_parsed_content_type'):
|
|
self._parsed_content_type = \
|
|
parse_options_header(self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', ''))
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def mimetype(self):
|
|
"""Like :attr:`content_type` but without parameters (eg, without
|
|
charset, type etc.). For example if the content
|
|
type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the mimetype would be
|
|
``'text/html'``.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._parse_content_type()
|
|
return self._parsed_content_type[0]
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def mimetype_params(self):
|
|
"""The mimetype parameters as dict. For example if the content
|
|
type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
|
|
``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._parse_content_type()
|
|
return self._parsed_content_type[1]
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def pragma(self):
|
|
"""The Pragma general-header field is used to include
|
|
implementation-specific directives that might apply to any recipient
|
|
along the request/response chain. All pragma directives specify
|
|
optional behavior from the viewpoint of the protocol; however, some
|
|
systems MAY require that behavior be consistent with the directives.
|
|
"""
|
|
return parse_set_header(self.environ.get('HTTP_PRAGMA', ''))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin(object):
|
|
"""A mixin for :class:`BaseResponse` subclasses. Response objects that
|
|
mix this class in will automatically get descriptors for a couple of
|
|
HTTP headers with automatic type conversion.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def _get_mimetype(self):
|
|
ct = self.headers.get('content-type')
|
|
if ct:
|
|
return ct.split(';')[0].strip()
|
|
|
|
def _set_mimetype(self, value):
|
|
self.headers['Content-Type'] = get_content_type(value, self.charset)
|
|
|
|
def _get_mimetype_params(self):
|
|
def on_update(d):
|
|
self.headers['Content-Type'] = \
|
|
dump_options_header(self.mimetype, d)
|
|
d = parse_options_header(self.headers.get('content-type', ''))[1]
|
|
return CallbackDict(d, on_update)
|
|
|
|
mimetype = property(_get_mimetype, _set_mimetype, doc='''
|
|
The mimetype (content type without charset etc.)''')
|
|
mimetype_params = property(_get_mimetype_params, doc='''
|
|
The mimetype parameters as dict. For example if the content
|
|
type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
|
|
``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
|
''')
|
|
location = header_property('Location', doc='''
|
|
The Location response-header field is used to redirect the recipient
|
|
to a location other than the Request-URI for completion of the request
|
|
or identification of a new resource.''')
|
|
age = header_property('Age', None, parse_date, http_date, doc='''
|
|
The Age response-header field conveys the sender's estimate of the
|
|
amount of time since the response (or its revalidation) was
|
|
generated at the origin server.
|
|
|
|
Age values are non-negative decimal integers, representing time in
|
|
seconds.''')
|
|
content_type = header_property('Content-Type', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Type entity-header field indicates the media type of the
|
|
entity-body sent to the recipient or, in the case of the HEAD method,
|
|
the media type that would have been sent had the request been a GET.
|
|
''')
|
|
content_length = header_property('Content-Length', None, int, str, doc='''
|
|
The Content-Length entity-header field indicates the size of the
|
|
entity-body, in decimal number of OCTETs, sent to the recipient or,
|
|
in the case of the HEAD method, the size of the entity-body that would
|
|
have been sent had the request been a GET.''')
|
|
content_location = header_property('Content-Location', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Location entity-header field MAY be used to supply the
|
|
resource location for the entity enclosed in the message when that
|
|
entity is accessible from a location separate from the requested
|
|
resource's URI.''')
|
|
content_encoding = header_property('Content-Encoding', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a modifier to the
|
|
media-type. When present, its value indicates what additional content
|
|
codings have been applied to the entity-body, and thus what decoding
|
|
mechanisms must be applied in order to obtain the media-type
|
|
referenced by the Content-Type header field.''')
|
|
content_md5 = header_property('Content-MD5', doc='''
|
|
The Content-MD5 entity-header field, as defined in RFC 1864, is an
|
|
MD5 digest of the entity-body for the purpose of providing an
|
|
end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body. (Note:
|
|
a MIC is good for detecting accidental modification of the
|
|
entity-body in transit, but is not proof against malicious attacks.)
|
|
''')
|
|
date = header_property('Date', None, parse_date, http_date, doc='''
|
|
The Date general-header field represents the date and time at which
|
|
the message was originated, having the same semantics as orig-date
|
|
in RFC 822.''')
|
|
expires = header_property('Expires', None, parse_date, http_date, doc='''
|
|
The Expires entity-header field gives the date/time after which the
|
|
response is considered stale. A stale cache entry may not normally be
|
|
returned by a cache.''')
|
|
last_modified = header_property('Last-Modified', None, parse_date,
|
|
http_date, doc='''
|
|
The Last-Modified entity-header field indicates the date and time at
|
|
which the origin server believes the variant was last modified.''')
|
|
|
|
def _get_retry_after(self):
|
|
value = self.headers.get('retry-after')
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
return
|
|
elif value.isdigit():
|
|
return datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=int(value))
|
|
return parse_date(value)
|
|
def _set_retry_after(self, value):
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
if 'retry-after' in self.headers:
|
|
del self.headers['retry-after']
|
|
return
|
|
elif isinstance(value, datetime):
|
|
value = http_date(value)
|
|
else:
|
|
value = str(value)
|
|
self.headers['Retry-After'] = value
|
|
|
|
retry_after = property(_get_retry_after, _set_retry_after, doc='''
|
|
The Retry-After response-header field can be used with a 503 (Service
|
|
Unavailable) response to indicate how long the service is expected
|
|
to be unavailable to the requesting client.
|
|
|
|
Time in seconds until expiration or date.''')
|
|
|
|
def _set_property(name, doc=None):
|
|
def fget(self):
|
|
def on_update(header_set):
|
|
if not header_set and name in self.headers:
|
|
del self.headers[name]
|
|
elif header_set:
|
|
self.headers[name] = header_set.to_header()
|
|
return parse_set_header(self.headers.get(name), on_update)
|
|
def fset(self, value):
|
|
if not value:
|
|
del self.headers[name]
|
|
elif isinstance(value, string_types):
|
|
self.headers[name] = value
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers[name] = dump_header(value)
|
|
return property(fget, fset, doc=doc)
|
|
|
|
vary = _set_property('Vary', doc='''
|
|
The Vary field value indicates the set of request-header fields that
|
|
fully determines, while the response is fresh, whether a cache is
|
|
permitted to use the response to reply to a subsequent request
|
|
without revalidation.''')
|
|
content_language = _set_property('Content-Language', doc='''
|
|
The Content-Language entity-header field describes the natural
|
|
language(s) of the intended audience for the enclosed entity. Note
|
|
that this might not be equivalent to all the languages used within
|
|
the entity-body.''')
|
|
allow = _set_property('Allow', doc='''
|
|
The Allow entity-header field lists the set of methods supported
|
|
by the resource identified by the Request-URI. The purpose of this
|
|
field is strictly to inform the recipient of valid methods
|
|
associated with the resource. An Allow header field MUST be
|
|
present in a 405 (Method Not Allowed) response.''')
|
|
|
|
del _set_property, _get_mimetype, _set_mimetype, _get_retry_after, \
|
|
_set_retry_after
|
|
|
|
|
|
class WWWAuthenticateMixin(object):
|
|
"""Adds a :attr:`www_authenticate` property to a response object."""
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def www_authenticate(self):
|
|
"""The `WWW-Authenticate` header in a parsed form."""
|
|
def on_update(www_auth):
|
|
if not www_auth and 'www-authenticate' in self.headers:
|
|
del self.headers['www-authenticate']
|
|
elif www_auth:
|
|
self.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = www_auth.to_header()
|
|
header = self.headers.get('www-authenticate')
|
|
return parse_www_authenticate_header(header, on_update)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Request(BaseRequest, AcceptMixin, ETagRequestMixin,
|
|
UserAgentMixin, AuthorizationMixin,
|
|
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin):
|
|
"""Full featured request object implementing the following mixins:
|
|
|
|
- :class:`AcceptMixin` for accept header parsing
|
|
- :class:`ETagRequestMixin` for etag and cache control handling
|
|
- :class:`UserAgentMixin` for user agent introspection
|
|
- :class:`AuthorizationMixin` for http auth handling
|
|
- :class:`CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin` for common headers
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PlainRequest(StreamOnlyMixin, Request):
|
|
"""A request object without special form parsing capabilities.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Response(BaseResponse, ETagResponseMixin, ResponseStreamMixin,
|
|
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin,
|
|
WWWAuthenticateMixin):
|
|
"""Full featured response object implementing the following mixins:
|
|
|
|
- :class:`ETagResponseMixin` for etag and cache control handling
|
|
- :class:`ResponseStreamMixin` to add support for the `stream` property
|
|
- :class:`CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin` for various HTTP descriptors
|
|
- :class:`WWWAuthenticateMixin` for HTTP authentication support
|
|
"""
|