832 lines
28 KiB
Python
832 lines
28 KiB
Python
# -*- test-case-name: twisted.conch.test.test_endpoints -*-
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# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
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# See LICENSE for details.
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"""
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Endpoint implementations of various SSH interactions.
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"""
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__all__ = [
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'AuthenticationFailed', 'SSHCommandAddress', 'SSHCommandClientEndpoint']
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from struct import unpack
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from os.path import expanduser
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from zope.interface import Interface, implementer
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from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
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from twisted.python.failure import Failure
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from twisted.internet.error import ConnectionDone, ProcessTerminated
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from twisted.internet.interfaces import IStreamClientEndpoint
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from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
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from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, succeed, CancelledError
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from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint, connectProtocol
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from twisted.conch.ssh.keys import Key
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from twisted.conch.ssh.common import NS
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from twisted.conch.ssh.transport import SSHClientTransport
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from twisted.conch.ssh.connection import SSHConnection
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from twisted.conch.ssh.userauth import SSHUserAuthClient
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from twisted.conch.ssh.channel import SSHChannel
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from twisted.conch.client.knownhosts import ConsoleUI, KnownHostsFile
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from twisted.conch.client.agent import SSHAgentClient
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from twisted.conch.client.default import _KNOWN_HOSTS
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class AuthenticationFailed(Exception):
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"""
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An SSH session could not be established because authentication was not
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successful.
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"""
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# This should be public. See #6541.
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class _ISSHConnectionCreator(Interface):
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"""
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An L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} knows how to create SSH connections somehow.
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"""
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def secureConnection():
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"""
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Return a new, connected, secured, but not yet authenticated instance of
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L{twisted.conch.ssh.transport.SSHServerTransport} or
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L{twisted.conch.ssh.transport.SSHClientTransport}.
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"""
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def cleanupConnection(connection, immediate):
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"""
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Perform cleanup necessary for a connection object previously returned
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from this creator's C{secureConnection} method.
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@param connection: An L{twisted.conch.ssh.transport.SSHServerTransport}
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or L{twisted.conch.ssh.transport.SSHClientTransport} returned by a
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previous call to C{secureConnection}. It is no longer needed by the
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caller of that method and may be closed or otherwise cleaned up as
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necessary.
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@param immediate: If C{True} don't wait for any network communication,
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just close the connection immediately and as aggressively as
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necessary.
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"""
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class SSHCommandAddress(object):
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"""
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An L{SSHCommandAddress} instance represents the address of an SSH server, a
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username which was used to authenticate with that server, and a command
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which was run there.
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@ivar server: See L{__init__}
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@ivar username: See L{__init__}
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@ivar command: See L{__init__}
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"""
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def __init__(self, server, username, command):
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"""
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@param server: The address of the SSH server on which the command is
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running.
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@type server: L{IAddress} provider
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@param username: An authentication username which was used to
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authenticate against the server at the given address.
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@type username: L{bytes}
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@param command: A command which was run in a session channel on the
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server at the given address.
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@type command: L{bytes}
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"""
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self.server = server
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self.username = username
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self.command = command
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class _CommandChannel(SSHChannel):
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"""
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A L{_CommandChannel} executes a command in a session channel and connects
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its input and output to an L{IProtocol} provider.
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@ivar _creator: See L{__init__}
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@ivar _command: See L{__init__}
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@ivar _protocolFactory: See L{__init__}
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@ivar _commandConnected: See L{__init__}
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@ivar _protocol: An L{IProtocol} provider created using C{_protocolFactory}
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which is hooked up to the running command's input and output streams.
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"""
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name = b'session'
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def __init__(self, creator, command, protocolFactory, commandConnected):
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"""
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@param creator: The L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} provider which was used
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to get the connection which this channel exists on.
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@type creator: L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} provider
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@param command: The command to be executed.
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@type command: L{bytes}
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@param protocolFactory: A client factory to use to build a L{IProtocol}
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provider to use to associate with the running command.
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@param commandConnected: A L{Deferred} to use to signal that execution
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of the command has failed or that it has succeeded and the command
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is now running.
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@type commandConnected: L{Deferred}
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"""
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SSHChannel.__init__(self)
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self._creator = creator
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self._command = command
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self._protocolFactory = protocolFactory
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self._commandConnected = commandConnected
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self._reason = None
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def openFailed(self, reason):
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"""
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When the request to open a new channel to run this command in fails,
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fire the C{commandConnected} deferred with a failure indicating that.
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"""
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self._commandConnected.errback(reason)
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def channelOpen(self, ignored):
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"""
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When the request to open a new channel to run this command in succeeds,
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issue an C{"exec"} request to run the command.
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"""
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command = self.conn.sendRequest(
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self, 'exec', NS(self._command), wantReply=True)
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command.addCallbacks(self._execSuccess, self._execFailure)
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def _execFailure(self, reason):
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"""
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When the request to execute the command in this channel fails, fire the
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C{commandConnected} deferred with a failure indicating this.
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@param reason: The cause of the command execution failure.
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@type reason: L{Failure}
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"""
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self._commandConnected.errback(reason)
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def _execSuccess(self, ignored):
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"""
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When the request to execute the command in this channel succeeds, use
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C{protocolFactory} to build a protocol to handle the command's input and
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output and connect the protocol to a transport representing those
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streams.
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Also fire C{commandConnected} with the created protocol after it is
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connected to its transport.
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@param ignored: The (ignored) result of the execute request
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"""
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self._protocol = self._protocolFactory.buildProtocol(
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SSHCommandAddress(
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self.conn.transport.transport.getPeer(),
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self.conn.transport.creator.username,
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self.conn.transport.creator.command))
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self._protocol.makeConnection(self)
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self._commandConnected.callback(self._protocol)
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def dataReceived(self, data):
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"""
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When the command's stdout data arrives over the channel, deliver it to
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the protocol instance.
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@param data: The bytes from the command's stdout.
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@type data: L{bytes}
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"""
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self._protocol.dataReceived(data)
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def request_exit_status(self, data):
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"""
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When the server sends the command's exit status, record it for later
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delivery to the protocol.
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@param data: The network-order four byte representation of the exit
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status of the command.
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@type data: L{bytes}
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"""
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(status,) = unpack('>L', data)
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if status != 0:
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self._reason = ProcessTerminated(status, None, None)
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def request_exit_signal(self, data):
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"""
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When the server sends the command's exit status, record it for later
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delivery to the protocol.
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@param data: The network-order four byte representation of the exit
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signal of the command.
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@type data: L{bytes}
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"""
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(signal,) = unpack('>L', data)
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self._reason = ProcessTerminated(None, signal, None)
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def closed(self):
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"""
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When the channel closes, deliver disconnection notification to the
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protocol.
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"""
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self._creator.cleanupConnection(self.conn, False)
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if self._reason is None:
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reason = ConnectionDone("ssh channel closed")
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else:
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reason = self._reason
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self._protocol.connectionLost(Failure(reason))
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class _ConnectionReady(SSHConnection):
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"""
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L{_ConnectionReady} is an L{SSHConnection} (an SSH service) which only
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propagates the I{serviceStarted} event to a L{Deferred} to be handled
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elsewhere.
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"""
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def __init__(self, ready):
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"""
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@param ready: A L{Deferred} which should be fired when
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I{serviceStarted} happens.
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"""
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SSHConnection.__init__(self)
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self._ready = ready
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def serviceStarted(self):
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"""
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When the SSH I{connection} I{service} this object represents is ready to
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be used, fire the C{connectionReady} L{Deferred} to publish that event
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to some other interested party.
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"""
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self._ready.callback(self)
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del self._ready
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class _UserAuth(SSHUserAuthClient):
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"""
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L{_UserAuth} implements the client part of SSH user authentication in the
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convenient way a user might expect if they are familiar with the
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interactive I{ssh} command line client.
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L{_UserAuth} supports key-based authentication, password-based
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authentication, and delegating authentication to an agent.
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"""
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password = None
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keys = None
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agent = None
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def getPublicKey(self):
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"""
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Retrieve the next public key object to offer to the server, possibly
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delegating to an authentication agent if there is one.
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@return: The public part of a key pair that could be used to
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authenticate with the server, or C{None} if there are no more public
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keys to try.
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@rtype: L{twisted.conch.ssh.keys.Key} or L{types.NoneType}
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"""
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if self.agent is not None:
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return self.agent.getPublicKey()
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if self.keys:
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self.key = self.keys.pop(0)
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else:
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self.key = None
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return self.key.public()
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def signData(self, publicKey, signData):
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"""
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Extend the base signing behavior by using an SSH agent to sign the
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data, if one is available.
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@type publicKey: L{Key}
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@type signData: C{str}
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"""
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if self.agent is not None:
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return self.agent.signData(publicKey.blob(), signData)
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else:
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return SSHUserAuthClient.signData(self, publicKey, signData)
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def getPrivateKey(self):
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"""
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Get the private part of a key pair to use for authentication. The key
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corresponds to the public part most recently returned from
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C{getPublicKey}.
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@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with the private key.
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@rtype: L{Deferred}
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"""
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return succeed(self.key)
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def getPassword(self):
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"""
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Get the password to use for authentication.
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@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with the password, or C{None} if the
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password was not specified.
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"""
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if self.password is None:
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return
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return succeed(self.password)
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def ssh_USERAUTH_SUCCESS(self, packet):
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"""
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Handle user authentication success in the normal way, but also make a
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note of the state change on the L{_CommandTransport}.
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"""
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self.transport._state = b'CHANNELLING'
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return SSHUserAuthClient.ssh_USERAUTH_SUCCESS(self, packet)
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class _CommandTransport(SSHClientTransport):
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"""
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L{_CommandTransport} is an SSH client I{transport} which includes a host key
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verification step before it will proceed to secure the connection.
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L{_CommandTransport} also knows how to set up a connection to an
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authentication agent if it is told where it can connect to one.
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"""
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# STARTING -> SECURING -> AUTHENTICATING -> CHANNELLING -> RUNNING
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_state = b'STARTING'
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_hostKeyFailure = None
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def __init__(self, creator):
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"""
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@param creator: The L{_NewConnectionHelper} that created this
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connection.
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@type creator: L{_NewConnectionHelper}.
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"""
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self.connectionReady = Deferred(
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lambda d: self.transport.abortConnection())
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# Clear the reference to that deferred to help the garbage collector
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# and to signal to other parts of this implementation (in particular
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# connectionLost) that it has already been fired and does not need to
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# be fired again.
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def readyFired(result):
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self.connectionReady = None
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return result
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self.connectionReady.addBoth(readyFired)
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self.creator = creator
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def verifyHostKey(self, hostKey, fingerprint):
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"""
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Ask the L{KnownHostsFile} provider available on the factory which
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created this protocol this protocol to verify the given host key.
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@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with the result of
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L{KnownHostsFile.verifyHostKey}.
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"""
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hostname = self.creator.hostname
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ip = self.transport.getPeer().host
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self._state = b'SECURING'
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d = self.creator.knownHosts.verifyHostKey(
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self.creator.ui, hostname, ip, Key.fromString(hostKey))
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d.addErrback(self._saveHostKeyFailure)
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return d
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def _saveHostKeyFailure(self, reason):
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"""
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When host key verification fails, record the reason for the failure in
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order to fire a L{Deferred} with it later.
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@param reason: The cause of the host key verification failure.
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@type reason: L{Failure}
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@return: C{reason}
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@rtype: L{Failure}
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"""
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self._hostKeyFailure = reason
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return reason
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def connectionSecure(self):
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"""
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When the connection is secure, start the authentication process.
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"""
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self._state = b'AUTHENTICATING'
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command = _ConnectionReady(self.connectionReady)
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userauth = _UserAuth(self.creator.username, command)
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userauth.password = self.creator.password
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if self.creator.keys:
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userauth.keys = list(self.creator.keys)
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if self.creator.agentEndpoint is not None:
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d = self._connectToAgent(userauth, self.creator.agentEndpoint)
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else:
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d = succeed(None)
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def maybeGotAgent(ignored):
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self.requestService(userauth)
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d.addBoth(maybeGotAgent)
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def _connectToAgent(self, userauth, endpoint):
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"""
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Set up a connection to the authentication agent and trigger its
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initialization.
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@param userauth: The L{_UserAuth} instance which is in charge of the
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overall authentication process.
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@type userauth: L{_UserAuth}
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@param endpoint: An endpoint which can be used to connect to the
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authentication agent.
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@type endpoint: L{IStreamClientEndpoint} provider
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@return: A L{Deferred} which fires when the agent connection is ready
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for use.
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"""
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factory = Factory()
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factory.protocol = SSHAgentClient
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d = endpoint.connect(factory)
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def connected(agent):
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userauth.agent = agent
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return agent.getPublicKeys()
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d.addCallback(connected)
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return d
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def connectionLost(self, reason):
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"""
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When the underlying connection to the SSH server is lost, if there were
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any connection setup errors, propagate them.
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"""
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if self._state == b'RUNNING' or self.connectionReady is None:
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return
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if self._state == b'SECURING' and self._hostKeyFailure is not None:
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reason = self._hostKeyFailure
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elif self._state == b'AUTHENTICATING':
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reason = Failure(
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AuthenticationFailed("Connection lost while authenticating"))
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self.connectionReady.errback(reason)
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@implementer(IStreamClientEndpoint)
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class SSHCommandClientEndpoint(object):
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"""
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L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint} exposes the command-executing functionality of
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SSH servers.
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L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint} can set up a new SSH connection, authenticate
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it in any one of a number of different ways (keys, passwords, agents),
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launch a command over that connection and then associate its input and
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output with a protocol.
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It can also re-use an existing, already-authenticated SSH connection
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(perhaps one which already has some SSH channels being used for other
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purposes). In this case it creates a new SSH channel to use to execute the
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command. Notably this means it supports multiplexing several different
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command invocations over a single SSH connection.
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"""
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def __init__(self, creator, command):
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"""
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@param creator: An L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} provider which will be
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used to set up the SSH connection which will be used to run a
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command.
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@type creator: L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} provider
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@param command: The command line to execute on the SSH server. This
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byte string is interpreted by a shell on the SSH server, so it may
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have a value like C{"ls /"}. Take care when trying to run a command
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like C{"/Volumes/My Stuff/a-program"} - spaces (and other special
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bytes) may require escaping.
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@type command: L{bytes}
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"""
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self._creator = creator
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self._command = command
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@classmethod
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def newConnection(cls, reactor, command, username, hostname, port=None,
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keys=None, password=None, agentEndpoint=None,
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knownHosts=None, ui=None):
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"""
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Create and return a new endpoint which will try to create a new
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connection to an SSH server and run a command over it. It will also
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close the connection if there are problems leading up to the command
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being executed, after the command finishes, or if the connection
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L{Deferred} is cancelled.
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@param reactor: The reactor to use to establish the connection.
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@type reactor: L{IReactorTCP} provider
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@param command: See L{__init__}'s C{command} argument.
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@param username: The username with which to authenticate to the SSH
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server.
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@type username: L{bytes}
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@param hostname: The hostname of the SSH server.
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@type hostname: L{bytes}
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@param port: The port number of the SSH server. By default, the
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standard SSH port number is used.
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@type port: L{int}
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@param keys: Private keys with which to authenticate to the SSH server,
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if key authentication is to be attempted (otherwise C{None}).
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@type keys: L{list} of L{Key}
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@param password: The password with which to authenticate to the SSH
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server, if password authentication is to be attempted (otherwise
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C{None}).
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@type password: L{bytes} or L{types.NoneType}
|
|
|
|
@param agentEndpoint: An L{IStreamClientEndpoint} provider which may be
|
|
used to connect to an SSH agent, if one is to be used to help with
|
|
authentication.
|
|
@type agentEndpoint: L{IStreamClientEndpoint} provider
|
|
|
|
@param knownHosts: The currently known host keys, used to check the
|
|
host key presented by the server we actually connect to.
|
|
@type knownHosts: L{KnownHostsFile}
|
|
|
|
@param ui: An object for interacting with users to make decisions about
|
|
whether to accept the server host keys. If C{None}, a L{ConsoleUI}
|
|
connected to /dev/tty will be used; if /dev/tty is unavailable, an
|
|
object which answers C{b"no"} to all prompts will be used.
|
|
@type ui: L{NoneType} or L{ConsoleUI}
|
|
|
|
@return: A new instance of C{cls} (probably
|
|
L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint}).
|
|
"""
|
|
helper = _NewConnectionHelper(
|
|
reactor, hostname, port, command, username, keys, password,
|
|
agentEndpoint, knownHosts, ui)
|
|
return cls(helper, command)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def existingConnection(cls, connection, command):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create and return a new endpoint which will try to open a new channel on
|
|
an existing SSH connection and run a command over it. It will B{not}
|
|
close the connection if there is a problem executing the command or
|
|
after the command finishes.
|
|
|
|
@param connection: An existing connection to an SSH server.
|
|
@type connection: L{SSHConnection}
|
|
|
|
@param command: See L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.newConnection}'s
|
|
C{command} parameter.
|
|
@type command: L{bytes}
|
|
|
|
@return: A new instance of C{cls} (probably
|
|
L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint}).
|
|
"""
|
|
helper = _ExistingConnectionHelper(connection)
|
|
return cls(helper, command)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def connect(self, protocolFactory):
|
|
"""
|
|
Set up an SSH connection, use a channel from that connection to launch
|
|
a command, and hook the stdin and stdout of that command up as a
|
|
transport for a protocol created by the given factory.
|
|
|
|
@param protocolFactory: A L{Factory} to use to create the protocol
|
|
which will be connected to the stdin and stdout of the command on
|
|
the SSH server.
|
|
|
|
@return: A L{Deferred} which will fire with an error if the connection
|
|
cannot be set up for any reason or with the protocol instance
|
|
created by C{protocolFactory} once it has been connected to the
|
|
command.
|
|
"""
|
|
d = self._creator.secureConnection()
|
|
d.addCallback(self._executeCommand, protocolFactory)
|
|
return d
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _executeCommand(self, connection, protocolFactory):
|
|
"""
|
|
Given a secured SSH connection, try to execute a command in a new
|
|
channel created on it and associate the result with a protocol from the
|
|
given factory.
|
|
|
|
@param connection: See L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.existingConnection}'s
|
|
C{connection} parameter.
|
|
|
|
@param protocolFactory: See L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.connect}'s
|
|
C{protocolFactory} parameter.
|
|
|
|
@return: See L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.connect}'s return value.
|
|
"""
|
|
commandConnected = Deferred()
|
|
def disconnectOnFailure(passthrough):
|
|
# Close the connection immediately in case of cancellation, since
|
|
# that implies user wants it gone immediately (e.g. a timeout):
|
|
immediate = passthrough.check(CancelledError)
|
|
self._creator.cleanupConnection(connection, immediate)
|
|
return passthrough
|
|
commandConnected.addErrback(disconnectOnFailure)
|
|
|
|
channel = _CommandChannel(
|
|
self._creator, self._command, protocolFactory, commandConnected)
|
|
connection.openChannel(channel)
|
|
return commandConnected
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _ReadFile(object):
|
|
"""
|
|
A weakly file-like object which can be used with L{KnownHostsFile} to
|
|
respond in the negative to all prompts for decisions.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, contents):
|
|
"""
|
|
@param contents: L{bytes} which will be returned from every C{readline}
|
|
call.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._contents = contents
|
|
|
|
|
|
def write(self, data):
|
|
"""
|
|
No-op.
|
|
|
|
@param data: ignored
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def readline(self, count=-1):
|
|
"""
|
|
Always give back the byte string that this L{_ReadFile} was initialized
|
|
with.
|
|
|
|
@param count: ignored
|
|
|
|
@return: A fixed byte-string.
|
|
@rtype: L{bytes}
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._contents
|
|
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
No-op.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@implementer(_ISSHConnectionCreator)
|
|
class _NewConnectionHelper(object):
|
|
"""
|
|
L{_NewConnectionHelper} implements L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} by
|
|
establishing a brand new SSH connection, securing it, and authenticating.
|
|
"""
|
|
_KNOWN_HOSTS = _KNOWN_HOSTS
|
|
port = 22
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, reactor, hostname, port, command, username, keys,
|
|
password, agentEndpoint, knownHosts, ui,
|
|
tty=FilePath(b"/dev/tty")):
|
|
"""
|
|
@param tty: The path of the tty device to use in case C{ui} is C{None}.
|
|
@type tty: L{FilePath}
|
|
|
|
@see: L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.newConnection}
|
|
"""
|
|
self.reactor = reactor
|
|
self.hostname = hostname
|
|
if port is not None:
|
|
self.port = port
|
|
self.command = command
|
|
self.username = username
|
|
self.keys = keys
|
|
self.password = password
|
|
self.agentEndpoint = agentEndpoint
|
|
if knownHosts is None:
|
|
knownHosts = self._knownHosts()
|
|
self.knownHosts = knownHosts
|
|
|
|
if ui is None:
|
|
ui = ConsoleUI(self._opener)
|
|
self.ui = ui
|
|
self.tty = tty
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _opener(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the tty if possible, otherwise give back a file-like object from
|
|
which C{b"no"} can be read.
|
|
|
|
For use as the opener argument to L{ConsoleUI}.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return self.tty.open("r+")
|
|
except:
|
|
# Give back a file-like object from which can be read a byte string
|
|
# that KnownHostsFile recognizes as rejecting some option (b"no").
|
|
return _ReadFile(b"no")
|
|
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def _knownHosts(cls):
|
|
"""
|
|
@return: A L{KnownHostsFile} instance pointed at the user's personal
|
|
I{known hosts} file.
|
|
@type: L{KnownHostsFile}
|
|
"""
|
|
return KnownHostsFile.fromPath(FilePath(expanduser(cls._KNOWN_HOSTS)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def secureConnection(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create and return a new SSH connection which has been secured and on
|
|
which authentication has already happened.
|
|
|
|
@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with the ready-to-use connection or
|
|
with a failure if something prevents the connection from being
|
|
setup, secured, or authenticated.
|
|
"""
|
|
protocol = _CommandTransport(self)
|
|
ready = protocol.connectionReady
|
|
|
|
sshClient = TCP4ClientEndpoint(self.reactor, self.hostname, self.port)
|
|
|
|
d = connectProtocol(sshClient, protocol)
|
|
d.addCallback(lambda ignored: ready)
|
|
return d
|
|
|
|
|
|
def cleanupConnection(self, connection, immediate):
|
|
"""
|
|
Clean up the connection by closing it. The command running on the
|
|
endpoint has ended so the connection is no longer needed.
|
|
|
|
@param connection: The L{SSHConnection} to close.
|
|
@type connection: L{SSHConnection}
|
|
|
|
@param immediate: Whether to close connection immediately.
|
|
@type immediate: L{bool}.
|
|
"""
|
|
if immediate:
|
|
# We're assuming the underlying connection is a ITCPTransport,
|
|
# which is what the current implementation is restricted to:
|
|
connection.transport.transport.abortConnection()
|
|
else:
|
|
connection.transport.loseConnection()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@implementer(_ISSHConnectionCreator)
|
|
class _ExistingConnectionHelper(object):
|
|
"""
|
|
L{_ExistingConnectionHelper} implements L{_ISSHConnectionCreator} by
|
|
handing out an existing SSH connection which is supplied to its
|
|
initializer.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, connection):
|
|
"""
|
|
@param connection: See L{SSHCommandClientEndpoint.existingConnection}'s
|
|
C{connection} parameter.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.connection = connection
|
|
|
|
|
|
def secureConnection(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
@return: A L{Deferred} that fires synchronously with the
|
|
already-established connection object.
|
|
"""
|
|
return succeed(self.connection)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def cleanupConnection(self, connection, immediate):
|
|
"""
|
|
Do not do any cleanup on the connection. Leave that responsibility to
|
|
whatever code created it in the first place.
|
|
|
|
@param connection: The L{SSHConnection} which will not be modified in
|
|
any way.
|
|
@type connection: L{SSHConnection}
|
|
|
|
@param immediate: An argument which will be ignored.
|
|
@type immediate: L{bool}.
|
|
"""
|