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# urllib3/__init__.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
urllib3 - Thread-safe connection pooling and re-using.
"""
__author__ = 'Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)'
__license__ = 'MIT'
__version__ = 'dev'
from .connectionpool import (
HTTPConnectionPool,
HTTPSConnectionPool,
connection_from_url
)
from . import exceptions
from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util import make_headers, get_host, Timeout
# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
import logging
try: # Python 2.7+
from logging import NullHandler
except ImportError:
class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
def emit(self, record):
pass
logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
"""
Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
debugging.
Returns the handler after adding it.
"""
# This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
# even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'))
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(level)
logger.debug('Added an stderr logging handler to logger: %s' % __name__)
return handler
# ... Clean up.
del NullHandler

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# urllib3/_collections.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
try:
from threading import RLock
except ImportError: # Platform-specific: No threads available
class RLock:
def __enter__(self):
pass
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
pass
try: # Python 2.7+
from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
from .packages.ordered_dict import OrderedDict
from .packages.six import itervalues
__all__ = ['RecentlyUsedContainer', 'HTTPHeaderDict']
_Null = object()
class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
"""
Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
``maxsize``.
:param maxsize:
Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
:param dispose_func:
Every time an item is evicted from the container,
``dispose_func(value)`` is called. Callback which will get called
"""
ContainerCls = OrderedDict
def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
self._maxsize = maxsize
self.dispose_func = dispose_func
self._container = self.ContainerCls()
self.lock = RLock()
def __getitem__(self, key):
# Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
with self.lock:
item = self._container.pop(key)
self._container[key] = item
return item
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
evicted_value = _Null
with self.lock:
# Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
self._container[key] = value
# If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
# least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
_key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)
if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
with self.lock:
value = self._container.pop(key)
if self.dispose_func:
self.dispose_func(value)
def __len__(self):
with self.lock:
return len(self._container)
def __iter__(self):
raise NotImplementedError('Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe.')
def clear(self):
with self.lock:
# Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
# under Python 2, this copies the list of values twice :-|
values = list(self._container.values())
self._container.clear()
if self.dispose_func:
for value in values:
self.dispose_func(value)
def keys(self):
with self.lock:
return self._container.keys()
class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
"""
:param headers:
An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
when compared case-insensitively.
:param kwargs:
Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.
A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.
Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
RFC 2616. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
case-insensitive pair.
Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
in a loop.
If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
lost.
>>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
>>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
>>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
>>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
>>> headers['SET-cookie']
'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
>>> headers['Content-Length']
'7'
If you want to access the raw headers with their original casing
for debugging purposes you can access the private ``._data`` attribute
which is a normal python ``dict`` that maps the case-insensitive key to a
list of tuples stored as (case-sensitive-original-name, value). Using the
structure from above as our example:
>>> headers._data
{'set-cookie': [('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar'), ('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')],
'content-length': [('content-length', '7')]}
"""
def __init__(self, headers=None, **kwargs):
self._data = {}
if headers is None:
headers = {}
self.update(headers, **kwargs)
def add(self, key, value):
"""Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
exists.
>>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
>>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
>>> headers['foo']
'bar, baz'
"""
self._data.setdefault(key.lower(), []).append((key, value))
def getlist(self, key):
"""Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
return self[key].split(', ') if key in self else []
def copy(self):
h = HTTPHeaderDict()
for key in self._data:
for rawkey, value in self._data[key]:
h.add(rawkey, value)
return h
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
return False
other = HTTPHeaderDict(other)
return dict((k1, self[k1]) for k1 in self._data) == \
dict((k2, other[k2]) for k2 in other._data)
def __getitem__(self, key):
values = self._data[key.lower()]
return ', '.join(value[1] for value in values)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self._data[key.lower()] = [(key, value)]
def __delitem__(self, key):
del self._data[key.lower()]
def __len__(self):
return len(self._data)
def __iter__(self):
for headers in itervalues(self._data):
yield headers[0][0]
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, dict(self.items()))

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# urllib3/connection.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import sys
import socket
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
try: # Python 3
from http.client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection, HTTPException
except ImportError:
from httplib import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection, HTTPException
class DummyConnection(object):
"Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."
pass
try: # Compiled with SSL?
ssl = None
HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection
class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
pass
try: # Python 3
from http.client import HTTPSConnection as _HTTPSConnection
except ImportError:
from httplib import HTTPSConnection as _HTTPSConnection
import ssl
BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError): # Platform-specific: No SSL.
pass
from .exceptions import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
)
from .packages.ssl_match_hostname import match_hostname
from .packages import six
from .util import (
assert_fingerprint,
resolve_cert_reqs,
resolve_ssl_version,
ssl_wrap_socket,
)
port_by_scheme = {
'http': 80,
'https': 443,
}
class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
"""
Based on httplib.HTTPConnection but provides an extra constructor
backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
"""
default_port = port_by_scheme['http']
# By default, disable Nagle's Algorithm.
tcp_nodelay = 1
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
if six.PY3: # Python 3
kw.pop('strict', None)
if sys.version_info < (2, 7): # Python 2.6 and older
kw.pop('source_address', None)
# Pre-set source_address in case we have an older Python like 2.6.
self.source_address = kw.get('source_address')
# Superclass also sets self.source_address in Python 2.7+.
_HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
def _new_conn(self):
""" Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
:return: a new socket connection
"""
extra_args = []
if self.source_address: # Python 2.7+
extra_args.append(self.source_address)
conn = socket.create_connection(
(self.host, self.port), self.timeout, *extra_args)
conn.setsockopt(
socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, self.tcp_nodelay)
return conn
def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
self.sock = conn
# the _tunnel_host attribute was added in python 2.6.3 (via
# http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/0f57b30a152f) so pythons 2.6(0-2) do
# not have them.
if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', None):
# TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
self._tunnel()
def connect(self):
conn = self._new_conn()
self._prepare_conn(conn)
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
default_port = port_by_scheme['https']
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
strict=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, **kw):
HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict,
timeout=timeout, **kw)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
# Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
# HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
self._protocol = 'https'
def connect(self):
conn = self._new_conn()
self._prepare_conn(conn)
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(conn, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
"""
Based on httplib.HTTPSConnection but wraps the socket with
SSL certification.
"""
cert_reqs = None
ca_certs = None
ssl_version = None
conn_kw = {}
def set_cert(self, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
cert_reqs=None, ca_certs=None,
assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None):
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
def connect(self):
# Add certificate verification
try:
sock = socket.create_connection(
address=(self.host, self.port), timeout=self.timeout,
**self.conn_kw)
except SocketTimeout:
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
(self.host, self.timeout))
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY,
self.tcp_nodelay)
resolved_cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
resolved_ssl_version = resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version)
hostname = self.host
if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', None):
# _tunnel_host was added in Python 2.6.3
# (See: http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/0f57b30a152f)
self.sock = sock
# Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
# self._tunnel_host below.
self._tunnel()
# Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
hostname = self._tunnel_host
# Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
# trusted_root_certs
self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=resolved_cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
server_hostname=hostname,
ssl_version=resolved_ssl_version)
if resolved_cert_reqs != ssl.CERT_NONE:
if self.assert_fingerprint:
assert_fingerprint(self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True),
self.assert_fingerprint)
elif self.assert_hostname is not False:
match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(),
self.assert_hostname or hostname)
if ssl:
# Make a copy for testing.
UnverifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
HTTPSConnection = VerifiedHTTPSConnection

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# urllib3/connectionpool.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import sys
import errno
import logging
from socket import error as SocketError, timeout as SocketTimeout
import socket
try: # Python 3
from queue import LifoQueue, Empty, Full
except ImportError:
from Queue import LifoQueue, Empty, Full
import Queue as _ # Platform-specific: Windows
from .exceptions import (
ClosedPoolError,
ConnectionError,
ConnectTimeoutError,
EmptyPoolError,
HostChangedError,
LocationParseError,
MaxRetryError,
SSLError,
TimeoutError,
ReadTimeoutError,
ProxyError,
)
from .packages.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
from .packages import six
from .connection import (
port_by_scheme,
DummyConnection,
HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
HTTPException, BaseSSLError,
)
from .request import RequestMethods
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util import (
get_host,
is_connection_dropped,
Timeout,
)
xrange = six.moves.xrange
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_Default = object()
## Pool objects
class ConnectionPool(object):
"""
Base class for all connection pools, such as
:class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.
"""
scheme = None
QueueCls = LifoQueue
def __init__(self, host, port=None):
if host is None:
raise LocationParseError(host)
# httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in ipv6 addresses
host = host.strip('[]')
self.host = host
self.port = port
def __str__(self):
return '%s(host=%r, port=%r)' % (type(self).__name__,
self.host, self.port)
# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
_blocking_errnos = set([errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK])
class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
"""
Thread-safe connection pool for one host.
:param host:
Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
:param port:
Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
into :class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
:param strict:
Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
.. note::
Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.
:param timeout:
Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.
:param maxsize:
Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to false, more
connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
been used.
:param block:
If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
:param _proxy:
Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ProxyManager`"
:param _proxy_headers:
A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
instead, see :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ProxyManager`"
"""
scheme = 'http'
ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=False,
timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, maxsize=1, block=False,
headers=None, _proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None, **conn_kw):
ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
self.strict = strict
# This is for backwards compatibility and can be removed once a timeout
# can only be set to a Timeout object
if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)
self.timeout = timeout
self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
self.block = block
self.proxy = _proxy
self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
# Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
for _ in xrange(maxsize):
self.pool.put(None)
# These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
self.num_connections = 0
self.num_requests = 0
if sys.version_info < (2, 7): # Python 2.6 and older
conn_kw.pop('source_address', None)
self.conn_kw = conn_kw
def _new_conn(self):
"""
Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.info("Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s" %
(self.num_connections, self.host))
conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=self.host, port=self.port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
strict=self.strict, **self.conn_kw)
if self.proxy is not None:
# Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet
# fragmentation.
conn.tcp_nodelay = 0
return conn
def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
"""
Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.
If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
fresh connection is returned.
:param timeout:
Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
:class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
:prop:`.block` is ``True``.
"""
conn = None
try:
conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)
except AttributeError: # self.pool is None
raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")
except Empty:
if self.block:
raise EmptyPoolError(self,
"Pool reached maximum size and no more "
"connections are allowed.")
pass # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
# If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
log.info("Resetting dropped connection: %s" % self.host)
conn.close()
return conn or self._new_conn()
def _put_conn(self, conn):
"""
Put a connection back into the pool.
:param conn:
Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
:meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.
If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
then maxsize should be increased.
If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
"""
try:
self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
return # Everything is dandy, done.
except AttributeError:
# self.pool is None.
pass
except Full:
# This should never happen if self.block == True
log.warning(
"Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s" %
self.host)
# Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
if conn:
conn.close()
def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
""" Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` """
if timeout is _Default:
return self.timeout.clone()
if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
return timeout.clone()
else:
# User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
# can be removed later
return Timeout.from_float(timeout)
def _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default,
**httplib_request_kw):
"""
Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
pool.
:param conn:
a connection from one of our connection pools
:param timeout:
Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
:class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
control over your timeouts.
"""
self.num_requests += 1
timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
try:
timeout_obj.start_connect()
conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
# conn.request() calls httplib.*.request, not the method in
# urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
except SocketTimeout:
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
(self.host, timeout_obj.connect_timeout))
# Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
# App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
if hasattr(conn, 'sock'):
# In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
# try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
# instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
# the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
# timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
if read_timeout == 0:
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url,
"Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout)
if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
else: # None or a value
conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)
# Receive the response from the server
try:
try: # Python 2.7+, use buffering of HTTP responses
httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
except TypeError: # Python 2.6 and older
httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
except SocketTimeout:
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout)
except BaseSSLError as e:
# Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
# case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
# http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
if 'timed out' in str(e) or \
'did not complete (read)' in str(e): # Python 2.6
raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out.")
raise
except SocketError as e: # Platform-specific: Python 2
# See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we
# have to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
if e.errno in _blocking_errnos:
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url,
"Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout)
raise
# AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
http_version = getattr(conn, '_http_vsn_str', 'HTTP/?')
log.debug("\"%s %s %s\" %s %s" % (method, url, http_version,
httplib_response.status,
httplib_response.length))
return httplib_response
def close(self):
"""
Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
"""
# Disable access to the pool
old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
try:
while True:
conn = old_pool.get(block=False)
if conn:
conn.close()
except Empty:
pass # Done.
def is_same_host(self, url):
"""
Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
connection pool.
"""
if url.startswith('/'):
return True
# TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
# Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
if self.port and not port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
port = None
return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=3,
redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, **response_kw):
"""
Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
the raw details.
.. note::
More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
.. note::
`release_conn` will only behave as expected if
`preload_content=False` because we want to make
`preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
breaking backwards compatibility.
:param method:
HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
:param body:
Data to send in the request body (useful for creating
POST requests, see HTTPConnectionPool.post_url for
more convenience).
:param headers:
Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
:param retries:
Number of retries to allow before raising a MaxRetryError exception.
If `False`, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
immediately.
:param redirect:
If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
will disable redirect, too.
:param assert_same_host:
If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When False, you can
use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
:param timeout:
If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
:class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
:param pool_timeout:
If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
connection is available within the time period.
:param release_conn:
If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
you read the entire contents of the response such as when
`preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
the response's content immediately. You will need to call
``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
:param \**response_kw:
Additional parameters are passed to
:meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
"""
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers
if retries < 0 and retries is not False:
raise MaxRetryError(self, url)
if release_conn is None:
release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
# Check host
if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries - 1)
conn = None
# Merge the proxy headers. Only do this in HTTP. We have to copy the
# headers dict so we can safely change it without those changes being
# reflected in anyone else's copy.
if self.scheme == 'http':
headers = headers.copy()
headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
# Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
# complains about UnboundLocalError.
err = None
try:
# Request a connection from the queue
conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
# Make the request on the httplib connection object
httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
timeout=timeout,
body=body, headers=headers)
# If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
# the request doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
# it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
# mess.
response_conn = not release_conn and conn
# Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
response = HTTPResponse.from_httplib(httplib_response,
pool=self,
connection=response_conn,
**response_kw)
# else:
# The connection will be put back into the pool when
# ``response.release_conn()`` is called (implicitly by
# ``response.read()``)
except Empty:
# Timed out by queue.
raise EmptyPoolError(self, "No pool connections are available.")
except (BaseSSLError, CertificateError) as e:
# Release connection unconditionally because there is no way to
# close it externally in case of exception.
release_conn = True
raise SSLError(e)
except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError) as e:
if conn:
# Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
# be replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
conn.close()
conn = None
if not retries:
if isinstance(e, TimeoutError):
# TimeoutError is exempt from MaxRetryError-wrapping.
# FIXME: ... Not sure why. Add a reason here.
raise
# Wrap unexpected exceptions with the most appropriate
# module-level exception and re-raise.
if isinstance(e, SocketError) and self.proxy:
raise ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', e)
if retries is False:
raise ConnectionError('Connection failed.', e)
raise MaxRetryError(self, url, e)
# Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
err = e
finally:
if release_conn:
# Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
# expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
# fresh connection during _get_conn.
self._put_conn(conn)
if not conn:
# Try again
log.warning("Retrying (%d attempts remain) after connection "
"broken by '%r': %s" % (retries, err, url))
return self.urlopen(method, url, body, headers, retries - 1,
redirect, assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, **response_kw)
# Handle redirect?
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if redirect_location and retries is not False:
if response.status == 303:
method = 'GET'
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s" % (url, redirect_location))
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, body, headers,
retries - 1, redirect, assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, **response_kw)
return response
class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
"""
Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.
When Python is compiled with the :mod:`ssl` module, then
:class:`.VerifiedHTTPSConnection` is used, which *can* verify certificates,
instead of :class:`.HTTPSConnection`.
:class:`.VerifiedHTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.
The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs`` and
``ssl_version`` are only used if :mod:`ssl` is available and are fed into
:meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade the connection socket
into an SSL socket.
"""
scheme = 'https'
ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
def __init__(self, host, port=None,
strict=False, timeout=None, maxsize=1,
block=False, headers=None,
_proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None,
key_file=None, cert_file=None, cert_reqs=None,
ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None,
assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None,
**conn_kw):
if sys.version_info < (2, 7): # Python 2.6 or older
conn_kw.pop('source_address', None)
HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port, strict, timeout, maxsize,
block, headers, _proxy, _proxy_headers, **conn_kw)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.ssl_version = ssl_version
self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
self.conn_kw = conn_kw
def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
"""
Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
"""
if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
conn.set_cert(key_file=self.key_file,
cert_file=self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint)
conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
conn.conn_kw = self.conn_kw
if self.proxy is not None:
# Python 2.7+
try:
set_tunnel = conn.set_tunnel
except AttributeError: # Platform-specific: Python 2.6
set_tunnel = conn._set_tunnel
set_tunnel(self.host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
# Establish tunnel connection early, because otherwise httplib
# would improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
conn.connect()
return conn
def _new_conn(self):
"""
Return a fresh :class:`httplib.HTTPSConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.info("Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s"
% (self.num_connections, self.host))
if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
# Platform-specific: Python without ssl
raise SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL "
"module is not available.")
actual_host = self.host
actual_port = self.port
if self.proxy is not None:
actual_host = self.proxy.host
actual_port = self.proxy.port
extra_params = {}
if not six.PY3: # Python 2
extra_params['strict'] = self.strict
extra_params.update(self.conn_kw)
conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=actual_host, port=actual_port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
**extra_params)
if self.proxy is not None:
# Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet
# fragmentation.
conn.tcp_nodelay = 0
return self._prepare_conn(conn)
def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
"""
Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.
This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.
:param url:
Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.
:param \**kw:
Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
:class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.
Example: ::
>>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
>>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
"""
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
if scheme == 'https':
return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
else:
return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)

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@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
# urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
NTLM authenticating pool, contributed by erikcederstran
Issue #10, see: http://code.google.com/p/urllib3/issues/detail?id=10
"""
try:
from http.client import HTTPSConnection
except ImportError:
from httplib import HTTPSConnection
from logging import getLogger
from ntlm import ntlm
from urllib3 import HTTPSConnectionPool
log = getLogger(__name__)
class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
"""
Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool
"""
scheme = 'https'
def __init__(self, user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs):
"""
authurl is a random URL on the server that is protected by NTLM.
user is the Windows user, probably in the DOMAIN\\username format.
pw is the password for the user.
"""
super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.authurl = authurl
self.rawuser = user
user_parts = user.split('\\', 1)
self.domain = user_parts[0].upper()
self.user = user_parts[1]
self.pw = pw
def _new_conn(self):
# Performs the NTLM handshake that secures the connection. The socket
# must be kept open while requests are performed.
self.num_connections += 1
log.debug('Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s' %
(self.num_connections, self.host, self.authurl))
headers = {}
headers['Connection'] = 'Keep-Alive'
req_header = 'Authorization'
resp_header = 'www-authenticate'
conn = HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
# Send negotiation message
headers[req_header] = (
'NTLM %s' % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(self.rawuser))
log.debug('Request headers: %s' % headers)
conn.request('GET', self.authurl, None, headers)
res = conn.getresponse()
reshdr = dict(res.getheaders())
log.debug('Response status: %s %s' % (res.status, res.reason))
log.debug('Response headers: %s' % reshdr)
log.debug('Response data: %s [...]' % res.read(100))
# Remove the reference to the socket, so that it can not be closed by
# the response object (we want to keep the socket open)
res.fp = None
# Server should respond with a challenge message
auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(', ')
auth_header_value = None
for s in auth_header_values:
if s[:5] == 'NTLM ':
auth_header_value = s[5:]
if auth_header_value is None:
raise Exception('Unexpected %s response header: %s' %
(resp_header, reshdr[resp_header]))
# Send authentication message
ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = \
ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(auth_header_value)
auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(ServerChallenge,
self.user,
self.domain,
self.pw,
NegotiateFlags)
headers[req_header] = 'NTLM %s' % auth_msg
log.debug('Request headers: %s' % headers)
conn.request('GET', self.authurl, None, headers)
res = conn.getresponse()
log.debug('Response status: %s %s' % (res.status, res.reason))
log.debug('Response headers: %s' % dict(res.getheaders()))
log.debug('Response data: %s [...]' % res.read()[:100])
if res.status != 200:
if res.status == 401:
raise Exception('Server rejected request: wrong '
'username or password')
raise Exception('Wrong server response: %s %s' %
(res.status, res.reason))
res.fp = None
log.debug('Connection established')
return conn
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=3,
redirect=True, assert_same_host=True):
if headers is None:
headers = {}
headers['Connection'] = 'Keep-Alive'
return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(method, url, body,
headers, retries,
redirect,
assert_same_host)

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@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
'''SSL with SNI_-support for Python 2. Follow these instructions if you would
like to verify SSL certificates in Python 2. Note, the default libraries do
*not* do certificate checking; you need to do additional work to validate
certificates yourself.
This needs the following packages installed:
* pyOpenSSL (tested with 0.13)
* ndg-httpsclient (tested with 0.3.2)
* pyasn1 (tested with 0.1.6)
You can install them with the following command:
pip install pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1
To activate certificate checking, call
:func:`~urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3` from your Python code
before you begin making HTTP requests. This can be done in a ``sitecustomize``
module, or at any other time before your application begins using ``urllib3``,
like this::
try:
import urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl
urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
except ImportError:
pass
Now you can use :mod:`urllib3` as you normally would, and it will support SNI
when the required modules are installed.
Activating this module also has the positive side effect of disabling SSL/TLS
encryption in Python 2 (see `CRIME attack`_).
If you want to configure the default list of supported cipher suites, you can
set the ``urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST`` variable.
Module Variables
----------------
:var DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST: The list of supported SSL/TLS cipher suites.
Default: ``ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:
ECDH+3DES:DH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!MD5:!DSS``
.. _sni: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
.. _crime attack: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
'''
from ndg.httpsclient.ssl_peer_verification import SUBJ_ALT_NAME_SUPPORT
from ndg.httpsclient.subj_alt_name import SubjectAltName as BaseSubjectAltName
import OpenSSL.SSL
from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder as der_decoder
from pyasn1.type import univ, constraint
from socket import _fileobject, timeout
import ssl
import select
from cStringIO import StringIO
from .. import connection
from .. import util
__all__ = ['inject_into_urllib3', 'extract_from_urllib3']
# SNI only *really* works if we can read the subjectAltName of certificates.
HAS_SNI = SUBJ_ALT_NAME_SUPPORT
# Map from urllib3 to PyOpenSSL compatible parameter-values.
_openssl_versions = {
ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv3_METHOD,
ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
}
_openssl_verify = {
ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+ OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
}
# A secure default.
# Sources for more information on TLS ciphers:
#
# - https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
# - https://www.ssllabs.com/projects/best-practices/index.html
# - https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/
#
# The general intent is:
# - Prefer cipher suites that offer perfect forward secrecy (DHE/ECDHE),
# - prefer ECDHE over DHE for better performance,
# - prefer any AES-GCM over any AES-CBC for better performance and security,
# - use 3DES as fallback which is secure but slow,
# - disable NULL authentication, MD5 MACs and DSS for security reasons.
DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST = "ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:" + \
"ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:ECDH+3DES:DH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:" + \
"!aNULL:!MD5:!DSS"
orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
orig_connection_ssl_wrap_socket = connection.ssl_wrap_socket
def inject_into_urllib3():
'Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support.'
connection.ssl_wrap_socket = ssl_wrap_socket
util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
def extract_from_urllib3():
'Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.'
connection.ssl_wrap_socket = orig_connection_ssl_wrap_socket
util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
### Note: This is a slightly bug-fixed version of same from ndg-httpsclient.
class SubjectAltName(BaseSubjectAltName):
'''ASN.1 implementation for subjectAltNames support'''
# There is no limit to how many SAN certificates a certificate may have,
# however this needs to have some limit so we'll set an arbitrarily high
# limit.
sizeSpec = univ.SequenceOf.sizeSpec + \
constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(1, 1024)
### Note: This is a slightly bug-fixed version of same from ndg-httpsclient.
def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
# Search through extensions
dns_name = []
if not SUBJ_ALT_NAME_SUPPORT:
return dns_name
general_names = SubjectAltName()
for i in range(peer_cert.get_extension_count()):
ext = peer_cert.get_extension(i)
ext_name = ext.get_short_name()
if ext_name != 'subjectAltName':
continue
# PyOpenSSL returns extension data in ASN.1 encoded form
ext_dat = ext.get_data()
decoded_dat = der_decoder.decode(ext_dat,
asn1Spec=general_names)
for name in decoded_dat:
if not isinstance(name, SubjectAltName):
continue
for entry in range(len(name)):
component = name.getComponentByPosition(entry)
if component.getName() != 'dNSName':
continue
dns_name.append(str(component.getComponent()))
return dns_name
class fileobject(_fileobject):
def _wait_for_sock(self):
rd, wd, ed = select.select([self._sock], [], [],
self._sock.gettimeout())
if not rd:
raise timeout()
def read(self, size=-1):
# Use max, disallow tiny reads in a loop as they are very inefficient.
# We never leave read() with any leftover data from a new recv() call
# in our internal buffer.
rbufsize = max(self._rbufsize, self.default_bufsize)
# Our use of StringIO rather than lists of string objects returned by
# recv() minimizes memory usage and fragmentation that occurs when
# rbufsize is large compared to the typical return value of recv().
buf = self._rbuf
buf.seek(0, 2) # seek end
if size < 0:
# Read until EOF
self._rbuf = StringIO() # reset _rbuf. we consume it via buf.
while True:
try:
data = self._sock.recv(rbufsize)
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
self._wait_for_sock()
continue
if not data:
break
buf.write(data)
return buf.getvalue()
else:
# Read until size bytes or EOF seen, whichever comes first
buf_len = buf.tell()
if buf_len >= size:
# Already have size bytes in our buffer? Extract and return.
buf.seek(0)
rv = buf.read(size)
self._rbuf = StringIO()
self._rbuf.write(buf.read())
return rv
self._rbuf = StringIO() # reset _rbuf. we consume it via buf.
while True:
left = size - buf_len
# recv() will malloc the amount of memory given as its
# parameter even though it often returns much less data
# than that. The returned data string is short lived
# as we copy it into a StringIO and free it. This avoids
# fragmentation issues on many platforms.
try:
data = self._sock.recv(left)
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
self._wait_for_sock()
continue
if not data:
break
n = len(data)
if n == size and not buf_len:
# Shortcut. Avoid buffer data copies when:
# - We have no data in our buffer.
# AND
# - Our call to recv returned exactly the
# number of bytes we were asked to read.
return data
if n == left:
buf.write(data)
del data # explicit free
break
assert n <= left, "recv(%d) returned %d bytes" % (left, n)
buf.write(data)
buf_len += n
del data # explicit free
#assert buf_len == buf.tell()
return buf.getvalue()
def readline(self, size=-1):
buf = self._rbuf
buf.seek(0, 2) # seek end
if buf.tell() > 0:
# check if we already have it in our buffer
buf.seek(0)
bline = buf.readline(size)
if bline.endswith('\n') or len(bline) == size:
self._rbuf = StringIO()
self._rbuf.write(buf.read())
return bline
del bline
if size < 0:
# Read until \n or EOF, whichever comes first
if self._rbufsize <= 1:
# Speed up unbuffered case
buf.seek(0)
buffers = [buf.read()]
self._rbuf = StringIO() # reset _rbuf. we consume it via buf.
data = None
recv = self._sock.recv
while True:
try:
while data != "\n":
data = recv(1)
if not data:
break
buffers.append(data)
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
self._wait_for_sock()
continue
break
return "".join(buffers)
buf.seek(0, 2) # seek end
self._rbuf = StringIO() # reset _rbuf. we consume it via buf.
while True:
try:
data = self._sock.recv(self._rbufsize)
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
self._wait_for_sock()
continue
if not data:
break
nl = data.find('\n')
if nl >= 0:
nl += 1
buf.write(data[:nl])
self._rbuf.write(data[nl:])
del data
break
buf.write(data)
return buf.getvalue()
else:
# Read until size bytes or \n or EOF seen, whichever comes first
buf.seek(0, 2) # seek end
buf_len = buf.tell()
if buf_len >= size:
buf.seek(0)
rv = buf.read(size)
self._rbuf = StringIO()
self._rbuf.write(buf.read())
return rv
self._rbuf = StringIO() # reset _rbuf. we consume it via buf.
while True:
try:
data = self._sock.recv(self._rbufsize)
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
self._wait_for_sock()
continue
if not data:
break
left = size - buf_len
# did we just receive a newline?
nl = data.find('\n', 0, left)
if nl >= 0:
nl += 1
# save the excess data to _rbuf
self._rbuf.write(data[nl:])
if buf_len:
buf.write(data[:nl])
break
else:
# Shortcut. Avoid data copy through buf when returning
# a substring of our first recv().
return data[:nl]
n = len(data)
if n == size and not buf_len:
# Shortcut. Avoid data copy through buf when
# returning exactly all of our first recv().
return data
if n >= left:
buf.write(data[:left])
self._rbuf.write(data[left:])
break
buf.write(data)
buf_len += n
#assert buf_len == buf.tell()
return buf.getvalue()
class WrappedSocket(object):
'''API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.'''
def __init__(self, connection, socket):
self.connection = connection
self.socket = socket
def fileno(self):
return self.socket.fileno()
def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
return fileobject(self.connection, mode, bufsize)
def settimeout(self, timeout):
return self.socket.settimeout(timeout)
def sendall(self, data):
return self.connection.sendall(data)
def close(self):
return self.connection.shutdown()
def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
x509 = self.connection.get_peer_certificate()
if not x509:
return x509
if binary_form:
return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(
OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1,
x509)
return {
'subject': (
(('commonName', x509.get_subject().CN),),
),
'subjectAltName': [
('DNS', value)
for value in get_subj_alt_name(x509)
]
}
def _verify_callback(cnx, x509, err_no, err_depth, return_code):
return err_no == 0
def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
ca_certs=None, server_hostname=None,
ssl_version=None):
ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(_openssl_versions[ssl_version])
if certfile:
ctx.use_certificate_file(certfile)
if keyfile:
ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile)
if cert_reqs != ssl.CERT_NONE:
ctx.set_verify(_openssl_verify[cert_reqs], _verify_callback)
if ca_certs:
try:
ctx.load_verify_locations(ca_certs, None)
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError('bad ca_certs: %r' % ca_certs, e)
else:
ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
# Disable TLS compression to migitate CRIME attack (issue #309)
OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000
ctx.set_options(OP_NO_COMPRESSION)
# Set list of supported ciphersuites.
ctx.set_cipher_list(DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST)
cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(ctx, sock)
cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
cnx.set_connect_state()
while True:
try:
cnx.do_handshake()
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
select.select([sock], [], [])
continue
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError('bad handshake', e)
break
return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)

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# urllib3/exceptions.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
## Base Exceptions
class HTTPError(Exception):
"Base exception used by this module."
pass
class PoolError(HTTPError):
"Base exception for errors caused within a pool."
def __init__(self, pool, message):
self.pool = pool
HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
def __reduce__(self):
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, None)
class RequestError(PoolError):
"Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."
def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
self.url = url
PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
def __reduce__(self):
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
class SSLError(HTTPError):
"Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."
pass
class ProxyError(HTTPError):
"Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."
pass
class ConnectionError(HTTPError):
"Raised when a normal connection fails."
pass
class DecodeError(HTTPError):
"Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."
pass
## Leaf Exceptions
class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
"Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded."
def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
self.reason = reason
message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s" % url
if reason:
message += " (Caused by %s: %s)" % (type(reason), reason)
else:
message += " (Caused by redirect)"
RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
class HostChangedError(RequestError):
"Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."
def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
self.retries = retries
class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
""" Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout """
pass
class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
""" Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
<ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
"""
pass
class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
"Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"
pass
# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
# base HTTPError
class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
"Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"
pass
class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
"Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."
pass
class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
"Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."
pass
class LocationParseError(ValueError, HTTPError):
"Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."
def __init__(self, location):
message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
HTTPError.__init__(self, message)
self.location = location

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# urllib3/fields.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import email.utils
import mimetypes
from .packages import six
def guess_content_type(filename, default='application/octet-stream'):
"""
Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
:param filename:
The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
:param default:
If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
"""
if filename:
return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
return default
def format_header_param(name, value):
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter.
Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows RFC 2231, as
suggested by RFC 2388 Section 4.4.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
"""
if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
result = '%s="%s"' % (name, value)
try:
result.encode('ascii')
except UnicodeEncodeError:
pass
else:
return result
if not six.PY3: # Python 2:
value = value.encode('utf-8')
value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, 'utf-8')
value = '%s*=%s' % (name, value)
return value
class RequestField(object):
"""
A data container for request body parameters.
:param name:
The name of this request field.
:param data:
The data/value body.
:param filename:
An optional filename of the request field.
:param headers:
An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
"""
def __init__(self, name, data, filename=None, headers=None):
self._name = name
self._filename = filename
self.data = data
self.headers = {}
if headers:
self.headers = dict(headers)
@classmethod
def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value):
"""
A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from parameter
of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type)
tuple where the MIME type is optional. For example: ::
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
"""
if isinstance(value, tuple):
if len(value) == 3:
filename, data, content_type = value
else:
filename, data = value
content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
else:
filename = None
content_type = None
data = value
request_param = cls(fieldname, data, filename=filename)
request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
return request_param
def _render_part(self, name, value):
"""
Overridable helper function to format a single header parameter.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
"""
return format_header_param(name, value)
def _render_parts(self, header_parts):
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header.
Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
'Content-Disposition' fields.
:param header_parts:
A sequence of (k, v) typles or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format as
`k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
"""
parts = []
iterable = header_parts
if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
iterable = header_parts.items()
for name, value in iterable:
if value:
parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
return '; '.join(parts)
def render_headers(self):
"""
Renders the headers for this request field.
"""
lines = []
sort_keys = ['Content-Disposition', 'Content-Type', 'Content-Location']
for sort_key in sort_keys:
if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
lines.append('%s: %s' % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
if header_name not in sort_keys:
if header_value:
lines.append('%s: %s' % (header_name, header_value))
lines.append('\r\n')
return '\r\n'.join(lines)
def make_multipart(self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None):
"""
Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
"Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
:param content_type:
The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
:param content_location:
The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
"""
self.headers['Content-Disposition'] = content_disposition or 'form-data'
self.headers['Content-Disposition'] += '; '.join(['', self._render_parts((('name', self._name), ('filename', self._filename)))])
self.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
self.headers['Content-Location'] = content_location

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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
# urllib3/filepost.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import codecs
import mimetypes
from uuid import uuid4
from io import BytesIO
from .packages import six
from .packages.six import b
from .fields import RequestField
writer = codecs.lookup('utf-8')[3]
def choose_boundary():
"""
Our embarassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
"""
return uuid4().hex
def iter_field_objects(fields):
"""
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
:class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
"""
if isinstance(fields, dict):
i = six.iteritems(fields)
else:
i = iter(fields)
for field in i:
if isinstance(field, RequestField):
yield field
else:
yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
def iter_fields(fields):
"""
.. deprecated:: 1.6
Iterate over fields.
The addition of :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` makes this function
obsolete. Instead, use :func:`iter_field_objects`, which returns
:class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` objects.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
"""
if isinstance(fields, dict):
return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
"""
Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
:param fields:
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
:param boundary:
If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
:func:`mimetools.choose_boundary`.
"""
body = BytesIO()
if boundary is None:
boundary = choose_boundary()
for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
body.write(b('--%s\r\n' % (boundary)))
writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
data = field.data
if isinstance(data, int):
data = str(data) # Backwards compatibility
if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
writer(body).write(data)
else:
body.write(data)
body.write(b'\r\n')
body.write(b('--%s--\r\n' % (boundary)))
content_type = str('multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary)
return body.getvalue(), content_type

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from __future__ import absolute_import
from . import ssl_match_hostname

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# Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
# Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
# Copyright 2009 Raymond Hettinger, released under the MIT License.
# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/
try:
from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
except ImportError:
from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
try:
from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
except ImportError:
pass
class OrderedDict(dict):
'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
# An inherited dict maps keys to values.
# The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
# The remaining methods are order-aware.
# Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
# The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
# The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
# The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
# Each link is stored as a list of length three: [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
'''Initialize an ordered dictionary. Signature is the same as for
regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
because their insertion order is arbitrary.
'''
if len(args) > 1:
raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
try:
self.__root
except AttributeError:
self.__root = root = [] # sentinel node
root[:] = [root, root, None]
self.__map = {}
self.__update(*args, **kwds)
def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
# Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
# list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
if key not in self:
root = self.__root
last = root[0]
last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
dict_setitem(self, key, value)
def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
# Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
# then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
dict_delitem(self, key)
link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
link_prev[1] = link_next
link_next[0] = link_prev
def __iter__(self):
'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
root = self.__root
curr = root[1]
while curr is not root:
yield curr[2]
curr = curr[1]
def __reversed__(self):
'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
root = self.__root
curr = root[0]
while curr is not root:
yield curr[2]
curr = curr[0]
def clear(self):
'od.clear() -> None. Remove all items from od.'
try:
for node in self.__map.itervalues():
del node[:]
root = self.__root
root[:] = [root, root, None]
self.__map.clear()
except AttributeError:
pass
dict.clear(self)
def popitem(self, last=True):
'''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
'''
if not self:
raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
root = self.__root
if last:
link = root[0]
link_prev = link[0]
link_prev[1] = root
root[0] = link_prev
else:
link = root[1]
link_next = link[1]
root[1] = link_next
link_next[0] = root
key = link[2]
del self.__map[key]
value = dict.pop(self, key)
return key, value
# -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
def keys(self):
'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
return list(self)
def values(self):
'od.values() -> list of values in od'
return [self[key] for key in self]
def items(self):
'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
def iterkeys(self):
'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
return iter(self)
def itervalues(self):
'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
for k in self:
yield self[k]
def iteritems(self):
'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
for k in self:
yield (k, self[k])
def update(*args, **kwds):
'''od.update(E, **F) -> None. Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
If E is a dict instance, does: for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
If E has a .keys() method, does: for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
Or if E is an iterable of items, does: for k, v in E: od[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
'''
if len(args) > 2:
raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),))
elif not args:
raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
self = args[0]
# Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
other = ()
if len(args) == 2:
other = args[1]
if isinstance(other, dict):
for key in other:
self[key] = other[key]
elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
for key in other.keys():
self[key] = other[key]
else:
for key, value in other:
self[key] = value
for key, value in kwds.items():
self[key] = value
__update = update # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
__marker = object()
def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
'''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
'''
if key in self:
result = self[key]
del self[key]
return result
if default is self.__marker:
raise KeyError(key)
return default
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
if key in self:
return self[key]
self[key] = default
return default
def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}):
'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
if call_key in _repr_running:
return '...'
_repr_running[call_key] = 1
try:
if not self:
return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
finally:
del _repr_running[call_key]
def __reduce__(self):
'Return state information for pickling'
items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
inst_dict.pop(k, None)
if inst_dict:
return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict)
return self.__class__, (items,)
def copy(self):
'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
return self.__class__(self)
@classmethod
def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
'''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
'''
d = cls()
for key in iterable:
d[key] = value
return d
def __eq__(self, other):
'''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y. Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
'''
if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
return len(self)==len(other) and self.items() == other.items()
return dict.__eq__(self, other)
def __ne__(self, other):
return not self == other
# -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
def viewkeys(self):
"od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
return KeysView(self)
def viewvalues(self):
"od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
return ValuesView(self)
def viewitems(self):
"od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
return ItemsView(self)

View file

@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
#Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Benjamin Peterson
#Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
#this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
#the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
#use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
#the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
#subject to the following conditions:
#The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
#copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
#IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
#FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
#COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
#IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
#CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
import operator
import sys
import types
__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
__version__ = "1.2.0" # Revision 41c74fef2ded
# True if we are running on Python 3.
PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
if PY3:
string_types = str,
integer_types = int,
class_types = type,
text_type = str
binary_type = bytes
MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
else:
string_types = basestring,
integer_types = (int, long)
class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
text_type = unicode
binary_type = str
if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
# Jython always uses 32 bits.
MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
else:
# It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
class X(object):
def __len__(self):
return 1 << 31
try:
len(X())
except OverflowError:
# 32-bit
MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
else:
# 64-bit
MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
del X
def _add_doc(func, doc):
"""Add documentation to a function."""
func.__doc__ = doc
def _import_module(name):
"""Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
__import__(name)
return sys.modules[name]
class _LazyDescr(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __get__(self, obj, tp):
result = self._resolve()
setattr(obj, self.name, result)
# This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again.
delattr(tp, self.name)
return result
class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
if PY3:
if new is None:
new = name
self.mod = new
else:
self.mod = old
def _resolve(self):
return _import_module(self.mod)
class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
if PY3:
if new_mod is None:
new_mod = name
self.mod = new_mod
if new_attr is None:
if old_attr is None:
new_attr = name
else:
new_attr = old_attr
self.attr = new_attr
else:
self.mod = old_mod
if old_attr is None:
old_attr = name
self.attr = old_attr
def _resolve(self):
module = _import_module(self.mod)
return getattr(module, self.attr)
class _MovedItems(types.ModuleType):
"""Lazy loading of moved objects"""
_moved_attributes = [
MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "imp", "reload"),
MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
"tkinter.colorchooser"),
MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
"tkinter.commondialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
"tkinter.simpledialog"),
MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
]
for attr in _moved_attributes:
setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
del attr
moves = sys.modules[__name__ + ".moves"] = _MovedItems("moves")
def add_move(move):
"""Add an item to six.moves."""
setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
def remove_move(name):
"""Remove item from six.moves."""
try:
delattr(_MovedItems, name)
except AttributeError:
try:
del moves.__dict__[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
if PY3:
_meth_func = "__func__"
_meth_self = "__self__"
_func_code = "__code__"
_func_defaults = "__defaults__"
_iterkeys = "keys"
_itervalues = "values"
_iteritems = "items"
else:
_meth_func = "im_func"
_meth_self = "im_self"
_func_code = "func_code"
_func_defaults = "func_defaults"
_iterkeys = "iterkeys"
_itervalues = "itervalues"
_iteritems = "iteritems"
try:
advance_iterator = next
except NameError:
def advance_iterator(it):
return it.next()
next = advance_iterator
if PY3:
def get_unbound_function(unbound):
return unbound
Iterator = object
def callable(obj):
return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
else:
def get_unbound_function(unbound):
return unbound.im_func
class Iterator(object):
def next(self):
return type(self).__next__(self)
callable = callable
_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
"""Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
def iterkeys(d):
"""Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary."""
return iter(getattr(d, _iterkeys)())
def itervalues(d):
"""Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary."""
return iter(getattr(d, _itervalues)())
def iteritems(d):
"""Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary."""
return iter(getattr(d, _iteritems)())
if PY3:
def b(s):
return s.encode("latin-1")
def u(s):
return s
if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
def int2byte(i):
return bytes((i,))
else:
# This is about 2x faster than the implementation above on 3.2+
int2byte = operator.methodcaller("to_bytes", 1, "big")
import io
StringIO = io.StringIO
BytesIO = io.BytesIO
else:
def b(s):
return s
def u(s):
return unicode(s, "unicode_escape")
int2byte = chr
import StringIO
StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
if PY3:
import builtins
exec_ = getattr(builtins, "exec")
def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
print_ = getattr(builtins, "print")
del builtins
else:
def exec_(code, globs=None, locs=None):
"""Execute code in a namespace."""
if globs is None:
frame = sys._getframe(1)
globs = frame.f_globals
if locs is None:
locs = frame.f_locals
del frame
elif locs is None:
locs = globs
exec("""exec code in globs, locs""")
exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
raise tp, value, tb
""")
def print_(*args, **kwargs):
"""The new-style print function."""
fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
if fp is None:
return
def write(data):
if not isinstance(data, basestring):
data = str(data)
fp.write(data)
want_unicode = False
sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
if sep is not None:
if isinstance(sep, unicode):
want_unicode = True
elif not isinstance(sep, str):
raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
if end is not None:
if isinstance(end, unicode):
want_unicode = True
elif not isinstance(end, str):
raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
if kwargs:
raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
if not want_unicode:
for arg in args:
if isinstance(arg, unicode):
want_unicode = True
break
if want_unicode:
newline = unicode("\n")
space = unicode(" ")
else:
newline = "\n"
space = " "
if sep is None:
sep = space
if end is None:
end = newline
for i, arg in enumerate(args):
if i:
write(sep)
write(arg)
write(end)
_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
def with_metaclass(meta, base=object):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
return meta("NewBase", (base,), {})

View file

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
try:
# Python 3.2+
from ssl import CertificateError, match_hostname
except ImportError:
try:
# Backport of the function from a pypi module
from backports.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
except ImportError:
# Our vendored copy
from ._implementation import CertificateError, match_hostname
# Not needed, but documenting what we provide.
__all__ = ('CertificateError', 'match_hostname')

View file

@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.3.3, essential when using SSL."""
# Note: This file is under the PSF license as the code comes from the python
# stdlib. http://docs.python.org/3/license.html
import re
__version__ = '3.4.0.2'
class CertificateError(ValueError):
pass
def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
"""Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
"""
pats = []
if not dn:
return False
# Ported from python3-syntax:
# leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
parts = dn.split(r'.')
leftmost = parts[0]
remainder = parts[1:]
wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
if wildcards > max_wildcards:
# Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
# than one wildcard per fragment. A survey of established
# policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
# reasonable choice.
raise CertificateError(
"too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))
# speed up common case w/o wildcards
if not wildcards:
return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
# RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
# The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
# the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
if leftmost == '*':
# When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
# fragment.
pats.append('[^.]+')
elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
# RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
# The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
# where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
# U-label of an internationalized domain name.
pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
else:
# Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
# add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
for frag in remainder:
pats.append(re.escape(frag))
pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
return pat.match(hostname)
def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
"""Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*. RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
returns nothing.
"""
if not cert:
raise ValueError("empty or no certificate")
dnsnames = []
san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
for key, value in san:
if key == 'DNS':
if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if not dnsnames:
# The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
# in subjectAltName
for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
for key, value in sub:
# XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
# must be used.
if key == 'commonName':
if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if len(dnsnames) > 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match either of %s"
% (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match %r"
% (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
else:
raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
"subjectAltName fields were found")

View file

@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
# urllib3/poolmanager.py
# Copyright 2008-2014 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import logging
try: # Python 3
from urllib.parse import urljoin
except ImportError:
from urlparse import urljoin
from ._collections import RecentlyUsedContainer
from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
from .connectionpool import port_by_scheme
from .request import RequestMethods
from .util import parse_url
__all__ = ['PoolManager', 'ProxyManager', 'proxy_from_url']
pool_classes_by_scheme = {
'http': HTTPConnectionPool,
'https': HTTPSConnectionPool,
}
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SSL_KEYWORDS = ('key_file', 'cert_file', 'cert_reqs', 'ca_certs',
'ssl_version')
class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
"""
Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
necessary connection pools for you.
:param num_pools:
Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
recently used pool.
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
:param \**connection_pool_kw:
Additional parameters are used to create fresh
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
Example: ::
>>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/mail')
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
>>> len(manager.pools)
2
"""
proxy = None
def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools,
dispose_func=lambda p: p.close())
def _new_pool(self, scheme, host, port):
"""
Create a new :class:`ConnectionPool` based on host, port and scheme.
This method is used to actually create the connection pools handed out
by :meth:`connection_from_url` and companion methods. It is intended
to be overridden for customization.
"""
pool_cls = pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw
if scheme == 'http':
kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
kwargs.pop(kw, None)
return pool_cls(host, port, **kwargs)
def clear(self):
"""
Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
re-used after completion.
"""
self.pools.clear()
def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme='http'):
"""
Get a :class:`ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``.
"""
scheme = scheme or 'http'
port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
pool_key = (scheme, host, port)
with self.pools.lock:
# If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
# connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
if pool:
return pool
# Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port)
self.pools[pool_key] = pool
return pool
def connection_from_url(self, url):
"""
Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url` but
doesn't pass any additional parameters to the
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` constructor.
Additional parameters are taken from the :class:`.PoolManager`
constructor.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
return self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
"""
Same as :meth:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
portion of the ``url``.
The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
kw['assert_same_host'] = False
kw['redirect'] = False
if 'headers' not in kw:
kw['headers'] = self.headers
if self.proxy is not None and u.scheme == "http":
response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
else:
response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if not redirect_location:
return response
# Support relative URLs for redirecting.
redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
# RFC 2616, Section 10.3.4
if response.status == 303:
method = 'GET'
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s" % (url, redirect_location))
kw['retries'] = kw.get('retries', 3) - 1 # Persist retries countdown
kw['redirect'] = redirect
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
"""
Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
:param proxy_url:
The URL of the proxy to be used.
:param proxy_headers:
A dictionary contaning headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
authentication.
Example:
>>> proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager('http://localhost:3128/')
>>> r1 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
>>> r2 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
>>> len(proxy.pools)
1
>>> r3 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
>>> r4 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://twitter.com/')
>>> len(proxy.pools)
3
"""
def __init__(self, proxy_url, num_pools=10, headers=None,
proxy_headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
proxy_url = '%s://%s:%i' % (proxy_url.scheme, proxy_url.host,
proxy_url.port)
proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
if not proxy.port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
self.proxy = proxy
self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
assert self.proxy.scheme in ("http", "https"), \
'Not supported proxy scheme %s' % self.proxy.scheme
connection_pool_kw['_proxy'] = self.proxy
connection_pool_kw['_proxy_headers'] = self.proxy_headers
super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(
num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme='http'):
if scheme == "https":
return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
host, port, scheme)
return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme)
def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
"""
Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
"""
headers_ = {'Accept': '*/*'}
netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
if netloc:
headers_['Host'] = netloc
if headers:
headers_.update(headers)
return headers_
def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
"Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
u = parse_url(url)
if u.scheme == "http":
# For proxied HTTPS requests, httplib sets the necessary headers
# on the CONNECT to the proxy. For HTTP, we'll definitely
# need to set 'Host' at the very least.
kw['headers'] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, kw.get('headers',
self.headers))
return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect, **kw)
def proxy_from_url(url, **kw):
return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)

View file

@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
# urllib3/request.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
try:
from urllib.parse import urlencode
except ImportError:
from urllib import urlencode
from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
__all__ = ['RequestMethods']
class RequestMethods(object):
"""
Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
as :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool` and
:class:`~urllib3.poolmanager.PoolManager`.
Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
decides which type of request field encoding to use.
Specifically,
:meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are encoded
in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
:meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded
(such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
:meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
the request.
Initializer parameters:
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
"""
_encode_url_methods = set(['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'])
def __init__(self, headers=None):
self.headers = headers or {}
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None,
encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
**kw): # Abstract
raise NotImplemented("Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
"their own ``urlopen`` method.")
def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the option
to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
:meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
"""
method = method.upper()
if method in self._encode_url_methods:
return self.request_encode_url(method, url, fields=fields,
headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw)
else:
return self.request_encode_body(method, url, fields=fields,
headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw)
def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, **urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
"""
if fields:
url += '?' + urlencode(fields)
return self.urlopen(method, url, **urlopen_kw)
def request_encode_body(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None,
encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
**urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
:meth:`urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode the
payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
:meth:`urllib.urlencode` is used with the
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request signing,
such as with OAuth.
Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where
the MIME type is optional. For example: ::
fields = {
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(),
'image/jpeg'),
'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
}
When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimick behavior of browsers.
Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will be
overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
"""
if encode_multipart:
body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(fields or {},
boundary=multipart_boundary)
else:
body, content_type = (urlencode(fields or {}),
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers
headers_ = {'Content-Type': content_type}
headers_.update(headers)
return self.urlopen(method, url, body=body, headers=headers_,
**urlopen_kw)

View file

@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
# urllib3/response.py
# Copyright 2008-2013 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import logging
import zlib
import io
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from .exceptions import DecodeError
from .packages.six import string_types as basestring, binary_type
from .util import is_fp_closed
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class DeflateDecoder(object):
def __init__(self):
self._first_try = True
self._data = binary_type()
self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._obj, name)
def decompress(self, data):
if not self._first_try:
return self._obj.decompress(data)
self._data += data
try:
return self._obj.decompress(data)
except zlib.error:
self._first_try = False
self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
try:
return self.decompress(self._data)
finally:
self._data = None
def _get_decoder(mode):
if mode == 'gzip':
return zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
return DeflateDecoder()
class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
"""
HTTP Response container.
Backwards-compatible to httplib's HTTPResponse but the response ``body`` is
loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed.
Extra parameters for behaviour not present in httplib.HTTPResponse:
:param preload_content:
If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.
:param decode_content:
If True, attempts to decode specific content-encoding's based on headers
(like 'gzip' and 'deflate') will be skipped and raw data will be used
instead.
:param original_response:
When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an httplib.HTTPResponse
object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. It's
otherwise unused.
"""
CONTENT_DECODERS = ['gzip', 'deflate']
REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]
def __init__(self, body='', headers=None, status=0, version=0, reason=None,
strict=0, preload_content=True, decode_content=True,
original_response=None, pool=None, connection=None):
self.headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
if headers:
self.headers.update(headers)
self.status = status
self.version = version
self.reason = reason
self.strict = strict
self.decode_content = decode_content
self._decoder = None
self._body = body if body and isinstance(body, basestring) else None
self._fp = None
self._original_response = original_response
self._fp_bytes_read = 0
self._pool = pool
self._connection = connection
if hasattr(body, 'read'):
self._fp = body
if preload_content and not self._body:
self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)
def get_redirect_location(self):
"""
Should we redirect and where to?
:returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status
code and valid location. ``None`` if redirect status and no
location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
"""
if self.status in self.REDIRECT_STATUSES:
return self.headers.get('location')
return False
def release_conn(self):
if not self._pool or not self._connection:
return
self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)
self._connection = None
@property
def data(self):
# For backwords-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.
if self._body:
return self._body
if self._fp:
return self.read(cache_content=True)
def tell(self):
"""
Obtain the number of bytes pulled over the wire so far. May differ from
the amount of content returned by :meth:``HTTPResponse.read`` if bytes
are encoded on the wire (e.g, compressed).
"""
return self._fp_bytes_read
def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):
"""
Similar to :meth:`httplib.HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional
parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.
:param amt:
How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
response.
:param decode_content:
If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
'content-encoding' header.
:param cache_content:
If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is
returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. This
is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working
after having ``.read()`` the file object. (Overridden if ``amt`` is
set.)
"""
# Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 2616
# Section 3.5
content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding', '').lower()
if self._decoder is None:
if content_encoding in self.CONTENT_DECODERS:
self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
if decode_content is None:
decode_content = self.decode_content
if self._fp is None:
return
flush_decoder = False
try:
if amt is None:
# cStringIO doesn't like amt=None
data = self._fp.read()
flush_decoder = True
else:
cache_content = False
data = self._fp.read(amt)
if amt != 0 and not data: # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
# Close the connection when no data is returned
#
# This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_
# already do. However, versions of python released before
# December 15, 2012 (http://bugs.python.org/issue16298) do not
# properly close the connection in all cases. There is no harm
# in redundantly calling close.
self._fp.close()
flush_decoder = True
self._fp_bytes_read += len(data)
try:
if decode_content and self._decoder:
data = self._decoder.decompress(data)
except (IOError, zlib.error) as e:
raise DecodeError(
"Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
"failed to decode it." % content_encoding,
e)
if flush_decoder and decode_content and self._decoder:
buf = self._decoder.decompress(binary_type())
data += buf + self._decoder.flush()
if cache_content:
self._body = data
return data
finally:
if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():
self.release_conn()
def stream(self, amt=2**16, decode_content=None):
"""
A generator wrapper for the read() method. A call will block until
``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the
connection is closed.
:param amt:
How much of the content to read. The generator will return up to
much data per iteration, but may return less. This is particularly
likely when using compressed data. However, the empty string will
never be returned.
:param decode_content:
If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
'content-encoding' header.
"""
while not is_fp_closed(self._fp):
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
if data:
yield data
@classmethod
def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):
"""
Given an :class:`httplib.HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a
corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` object.
Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along
with ``original_response=r``.
"""
headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
for k, v in r.getheaders():
headers.add(k, v)
# HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
strict = getattr(r, 'strict', 0)
return ResponseCls(body=r,
headers=headers,
status=r.status,
version=r.version,
reason=r.reason,
strict=strict,
original_response=r,
**response_kw)
# Backwards-compatibility methods for httplib.HTTPResponse
def getheaders(self):
return self.headers
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
return self.headers.get(name, default)
# Overrides from io.IOBase
def close(self):
if not self.closed:
self._fp.close()
@property
def closed(self):
if self._fp is None:
return True
elif hasattr(self._fp, 'closed'):
return self._fp.closed
elif hasattr(self._fp, 'isclosed'): # Python 2
return self._fp.isclosed()
else:
return True
def fileno(self):
if self._fp is None:
raise IOError("HTTPResponse has no file to get a fileno from")
elif hasattr(self._fp, "fileno"):
return self._fp.fileno()
else:
raise IOError("The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
"around has no file descriptor")
def flush(self):
if self._fp is not None and hasattr(self._fp, 'flush'):
return self._fp.flush()
def readable(self):
return True

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# urllib3/util/__init__.py
# Copyright 2008-2014 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .connection import is_connection_dropped
from .request import make_headers
from .response import is_fp_closed
from .ssl_ import (
SSLContext,
HAS_SNI,
assert_fingerprint,
resolve_cert_reqs,
resolve_ssl_version,
ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .timeout import (
current_time,
Timeout,
)
from .url import (
get_host,
parse_url,
split_first,
Url,
)

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@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
from socket import error as SocketError
try:
from select import poll, POLLIN
except ImportError: # `poll` doesn't exist on OSX and other platforms
poll = False
try:
from select import select
except ImportError: # `select` doesn't exist on AppEngine.
select = False
def is_connection_dropped(conn): # Platform-specific
"""
Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
:param conn:
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection` object.
Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
"""
sock = getattr(conn, 'sock', False)
if sock is False: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
if sock is None: # Connection already closed (such as by httplib).
return False
if not poll:
if not select: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
try:
return select([sock], [], [], 0.0)[0]
except SocketError:
return True
# This version is better on platforms that support it.
p = poll()
p.register(sock, POLLIN)
for (fno, ev) in p.poll(0.0):
if fno == sock.fileno():
# Either data is buffered (bad), or the connection is dropped.
return True

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from base64 import b64encode
from ..packages import six
ACCEPT_ENCODING = 'gzip,deflate'
def make_headers(keep_alive=None, accept_encoding=None, user_agent=None,
basic_auth=None, proxy_basic_auth=None):
"""
Shortcuts for generating request headers.
:param keep_alive:
If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
:param accept_encoding:
Can be a boolean, list, or string.
``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
List will get joined by comma.
String will be used as provided.
:param user_agent:
String representing the user-agent you want, such as
"python-urllib3/0.6"
:param basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
:param proxy_basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
Example: ::
>>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
{'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
>>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
{'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
"""
headers = {}
if accept_encoding:
if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
pass
elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
accept_encoding = ','.join(accept_encoding)
else:
accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
headers['accept-encoding'] = accept_encoding
if user_agent:
headers['user-agent'] = user_agent
if keep_alive:
headers['connection'] = 'keep-alive'
if basic_auth:
headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
b64encode(six.b(basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
if proxy_basic_auth:
headers['proxy-authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
b64encode(six.b(proxy_basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
return headers

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def is_fp_closed(obj):
"""
Checks whether a given file-like object is closed.
:param obj:
The file-like object to check.
"""
if hasattr(obj, 'fp'):
# Object is a container for another file-like object that gets released
# on exhaustion (e.g. HTTPResponse)
return obj.fp is None
return obj.closed

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from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
from hashlib import md5, sha1
from ..exceptions import SSLError
try: # Test for SSL features
SSLContext = None
HAS_SNI = False
import ssl
from ssl import wrap_socket, CERT_NONE, PROTOCOL_SSLv23
from ssl import SSLContext # Modern SSL?
from ssl import HAS_SNI # Has SNI?
except ImportError:
pass
def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
"""
Checks if given fingerprint matches the supplied certificate.
:param cert:
Certificate as bytes object.
:param fingerprint:
Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
"""
# Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing
# this digest.
hashfunc_map = {
16: md5,
20: sha1
}
fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(':', '').lower()
digest_length, rest = divmod(len(fingerprint), 2)
if rest or digest_length not in hashfunc_map:
raise SSLError('Fingerprint is of invalid length.')
# We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
hashfunc = hashfunc_map[digest_length]
cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
if not cert_digest == fingerprint_bytes:
raise SSLError('Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'
.format(hexlify(fingerprint_bytes),
hexlify(cert_digest)))
def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
"""
Resolves the argument to a numeric constant, which can be passed to
the wrap_socket function/method from the ssl module.
Defaults to :data:`ssl.CERT_NONE`.
If given a string it is assumed to be the name of the constant in the
:mod:`ssl` module or its abbrevation.
(So you can specify `REQUIRED` instead of `CERT_REQUIRED`.
If it's neither `None` nor a string we assume it is already the numeric
constant which can directly be passed to wrap_socket.
"""
if candidate is None:
return CERT_NONE
if isinstance(candidate, str):
res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
if res is None:
res = getattr(ssl, 'CERT_' + candidate)
return res
return candidate
def resolve_ssl_version(candidate):
"""
like resolve_cert_reqs
"""
if candidate is None:
return PROTOCOL_SSLv23
if isinstance(candidate, str):
res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
if res is None:
res = getattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_' + candidate)
return res
return candidate
if SSLContext is not None: # Python 3.2+
def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
ca_certs=None, server_hostname=None,
ssl_version=None):
"""
All arguments except `server_hostname` have the same meaning as for
:func:`ssl.wrap_socket`
:param server_hostname:
Hostname of the expected certificate
"""
context = SSLContext(ssl_version)
context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
# Disable TLS compression to migitate CRIME attack (issue #309)
OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000
context.options |= OP_NO_COMPRESSION
if ca_certs:
try:
context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs)
# Py32 raises IOError
# Py33 raises FileNotFoundError
except Exception as e: # Reraise as SSLError
raise SSLError(e)
if certfile:
# FIXME: This block needs a test.
context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
if HAS_SNI: # Platform-specific: OpenSSL with enabled SNI
return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
return context.wrap_socket(sock)
else: # Python 3.1 and earlier
def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
ca_certs=None, server_hostname=None,
ssl_version=None):
return wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=keyfile, certfile=certfile,
ca_certs=ca_certs, cert_reqs=cert_reqs,
ssl_version=ssl_version)

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from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
import time
from ..exceptions import TimeoutStateError
def current_time():
"""
Retrieve the current time, this function is mocked out in unit testing.
"""
return time.time()
_Default = object()
# The default timeout to use for socket connections. This is the attribute used
# by httplib to define the default timeout
class Timeout(object):
"""
Utility object for storing timeout values.
Example usage:
.. code-block:: python
timeout = urllib3.util.Timeout(connect=2.0, read=7.0)
pool = HTTPConnectionPool('www.google.com', 80, timeout=timeout)
pool.request(...) # Etc, etc
:param connect:
The maximum amount of time to wait for a connection attempt to a server
to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the connect timeout to
the system default, probably `the global default timeout in socket.py
<http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
:type connect: integer, float, or None
:param read:
The maximum amount of time to wait between consecutive
read operations for a response from the server. Omitting
the parameter will default the read timeout to the system
default, probably `the global default timeout in socket.py
<http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
None will set an infinite timeout.
:type read: integer, float, or None
:param total:
This combines the connect and read timeouts into one; the read timeout
will be set to the time leftover from the connect attempt. In the
event that both a connect timeout and a total are specified, or a read
timeout and a total are specified, the shorter timeout will be applied.
Defaults to None.
:type total: integer, float, or None
.. note::
Many factors can affect the total amount of time for urllib3 to return
an HTTP response. Specifically, Python's DNS resolver does not obey the
timeout specified on the socket. Other factors that can affect total
request time include high CPU load, high swap, the program running at a
low priority level, or other behaviors. The observed running time for
urllib3 to return a response may be greater than the value passed to
`total`.
In addition, the read and total timeouts only measure the time between
read operations on the socket connecting the client and the server,
not the total amount of time for the request to return a complete
response. For most requests, the timeout is raised because the server
has not sent the first byte in the specified time. This is not always
the case; if a server streams one byte every fifteen seconds, a timeout
of 20 seconds will not ever trigger, even though the request will
take several minutes to complete.
If your goal is to cut off any request after a set amount of wall clock
time, consider having a second "watcher" thread to cut off a slow
request.
"""
#: A sentinel object representing the default timeout value
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
def __init__(self, total=None, connect=_Default, read=_Default):
self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, 'connect')
self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, 'read')
self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, 'total')
self._start_connect = None
def __str__(self):
return '%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)' % (
type(self).__name__, self._connect, self._read, self.total)
@classmethod
def _validate_timeout(cls, value, name):
""" Check that a timeout attribute is valid
:param value: The timeout value to validate
:param name: The name of the timeout attribute to validate. This is used
for clear error messages
:return: the value
:raises ValueError: if the type is not an integer or a float, or if it
is a numeric value less than zero
"""
if value is _Default:
return cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
if value is None or value is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return value
try:
float(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError("Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
"int or float." % (name, value))
try:
if value < 0:
raise ValueError("Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
"timeout cannot be set to a value less "
"than 0." % (name, value))
except TypeError: # Python 3
raise ValueError("Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
"int or float." % (name, value))
return value
@classmethod
def from_float(cls, timeout):
""" Create a new Timeout from a legacy timeout value.
The timeout value used by httplib.py sets the same timeout on the
connect(), and recv() socket requests. This creates a :class:`Timeout`
object that sets the individual timeouts to the ``timeout`` value passed
to this function.
:param timeout: The legacy timeout value
:type timeout: integer, float, sentinel default object, or None
:return: a Timeout object
:rtype: :class:`Timeout`
"""
return Timeout(read=timeout, connect=timeout)
def clone(self):
""" Create a copy of the timeout object
Timeout properties are stored per-pool but each request needs a fresh
Timeout object to ensure each one has its own start/stop configured.
:return: a copy of the timeout object
:rtype: :class:`Timeout`
"""
# We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
# for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
# detect the user default.
return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read,
total=self.total)
def start_connect(self):
""" Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
to start a timer that has been started already.
"""
if self._start_connect is not None:
raise TimeoutStateError("Timeout timer has already been started.")
self._start_connect = current_time()
return self._start_connect
def get_connect_duration(self):
""" Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
:return: the elapsed time
:rtype: float
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
"""
if self._start_connect is None:
raise TimeoutStateError("Can't get connect duration for timer "
"that has not started.")
return current_time() - self._start_connect
@property
def connect_timeout(self):
""" Get the value to use when setting a connection timeout.
This will be a positive float or integer, the value None
(never timeout), or the default system timeout.
:return: the connect timeout
:rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
"""
if self.total is None:
return self._connect
if self._connect is None or self._connect is self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return self.total
return min(self._connect, self.total)
@property
def read_timeout(self):
""" Get the value for the read timeout.
This assumes some time has elapsed in the connection timeout and
computes the read timeout appropriately.
If self.total is set, the read timeout is dependent on the amount of
time taken by the connect timeout. If the connection time has not been
established, a :exc:`~urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError` will be
raised.
:return: the value to use for the read timeout
:rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
has not yet been called on this object.
"""
if (self.total is not None and
self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT and
self._read is not None and
self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
# in case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
if self._start_connect is None:
return self._read
return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(),
self._read))
elif self.total is not None and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
else:
return self._read

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@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
from collections import namedtuple
from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
class Url(namedtuple('Url', ['scheme', 'auth', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment'])):
"""
Datastructure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
:func:`parse_url`.
"""
slots = ()
def __new__(cls, scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None):
return super(Url, cls).__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
@property
def hostname(self):
"""For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
return self.host
@property
def request_uri(self):
"""Absolute path including the query string."""
uri = self.path or '/'
if self.query is not None:
uri += '?' + self.query
return uri
@property
def netloc(self):
"""Network location including host and port"""
if self.port:
return '%s:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
return self.host
def split_first(s, delims):
"""
Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
Example: ::
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
"""
min_idx = None
min_delim = None
for d in delims:
idx = s.find(d)
if idx < 0:
continue
if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
min_idx = idx
min_delim = d
if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
return s, '', None
return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx+1:], min_delim
def parse_url(url):
"""
Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
Example: ::
>>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/', ...)
>>> parse_url('google.com:80')
Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
>>> parse_url('/foo?bar')
Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
"""
# While this code has overlap with stdlib's urlparse, it is much
# simplified for our needs and less annoying.
# Additionally, this implementations does silly things to be optimal
# on CPython.
scheme = None
auth = None
host = None
port = None
path = None
fragment = None
query = None
# Scheme
if '://' in url:
scheme, url = url.split('://', 1)
# Find the earliest Authority Terminator
# (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2)
url, path_, delim = split_first(url, ['/', '?', '#'])
if delim:
# Reassemble the path
path = delim + path_
# Auth
if '@' in url:
# Last '@' denotes end of auth part
auth, url = url.rsplit('@', 1)
# IPv6
if url and url[0] == '[':
host, url = url.split(']', 1)
host += ']'
# Port
if ':' in url:
_host, port = url.split(':', 1)
if not host:
host = _host
if port:
# If given, ports must be integers.
if not port.isdigit():
raise LocationParseError(url)
port = int(port)
else:
# Blank ports are cool, too. (rfc3986#section-3.2.3)
port = None
elif not host and url:
host = url
if not path:
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
# Fragment
if '#' in path:
path, fragment = path.split('#', 1)
# Query
if '?' in path:
path, query = path.split('?', 1)
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
def get_host(url):
"""
Deprecated. Use :func:`.parse_url` instead.
"""
p = parse_url(url)
return p.scheme or 'http', p.hostname, p.port